Objective: In the study our aim was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of different solvent extracts of Annona squamosa seeds. Methods and materials: The four extracts used were petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested using cytotoxicity assays. Results: Among the four extracts tested petroleum ether showed maximum cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cell lines such as nasopharyngeal cancer (KB) cells, lung cancer (A-549) cells, breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, leukemic (K-562) cells and inhibited the growth of murine cancer cells such as Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Conclusion: Petroleum ether extract of Annona squamosa seeds showed cytotoxicity towards a panel of cancer cells meanwhile non-significant cytotoxicity towards normal cells.
more than 170 species of trees and bushes of pantropical distribution (Alves et al., 2014). Its common names are Lakshmi Taru and paradise-tree. A molecular phylogeny of the family was reported in 2007, data revealed with the relationships within the family (Clayton et al., 2007).
Cell growth is referred to as cell proliferation, that is, the increase in cell numbers during repeated cell division. Cell growth can be defined as the enlargement of cell volume, which might take place in the absence of cell division. Growth and reproduction are features of cells in all living organisms. All cells reproduce by dividing into two, with each parental cell giving rise to two daughter cells each time they divide. Various genes are involved in the control of cell division and growth. Reproduction in unicellular organisms are referred to cell division and in multicellular organisms it is tissue growth and maintenance. Survival of the eukaryotes depends upon interactions between various cell types, that helps in the balanced distribution. This is achieved through the highly regulated process of cell proliferation. Knowledge in cell cycle is necessary to determine the best time to collect cells, to harvest cell products, or to move cells to a new growth environment. Cancer cells do not die at the natural point in a cell's life cycle. Cancer cells occur as the results of cellular changes caused by the uncontrolled growth and division of cells. The chapter focuses on cancer cell maintenance, apoptosis, and its detection assays.
Background:The leaves of Simarouba glauca (S. glauca) have been used as a potential source of anticancer agents in traditional medicine. Attempts have been made to isolate anticancer agents from the leaves of S. glauca. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the anticancer and apoptotic effect of the leaf extract of petroleum ether (LPE) on human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells. Methods: MTT assay was used to investigate the effect of LPE on the viability of A-549 cells. The apoptotic effect of human lung cancer cells was evaluated using fluorescence staining, acridine orange/ ethidium bromide staining, Hoechst staining, flow cytometry analysis, annexin V staining, and caspase assay. Results: The results showed a direct correlation between the dose and the rate of cytotoxicity. Fluorescence staining revealed apoptotic features, such as blebbing and chromatin condensation. Flow cytometry analysis and annexin V staining revealed phosphatidyl serine externalization. Caspase assay confirmed that the extract inhibited cell death. Caspase 3 expressions indicated that the cell death occurred either through the mitochondrial pathway or the death receptor. Conclusions: The study revealed that the LPE induced the apoptosis of human non-small-cell lung cancer, A549 cells, either through mitochondrial or death receptor pathway.
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