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A new polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (Pol-SAR) images classification method based on multilayer autoencoders and superpixels is proposed in this paper. First, in order to explore the spatial relations between pixels in PolSAR data, the RGB image formed with Pauli decomposition is used to produce superpixels to integrate contextual information of neighborhood. Second, multilayer autoencoders network is used to learning the features used for distinguishing the multiple categories for each pixel, and a softmax regression is applied to produce the predicted probability distributions over all the classes of each pixel. Finally, the probability distributions is regarded as a new probabilistic metric and introduced to k-nearest neighbor to improve the accuracy of classification based on superpixels, which takes spatial relationship between pixels into consideration, and it is robust to speckle noise. The proposed method makes good use of the scattering characteristics in each pixel and spatial information of PolSAR data. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the results of proposed method show better agreement with the ground truth and significant improvement in classification accuracy and discriminability of small differences between different categories.

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