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Much of the Brazilian semiarid region faces a considerable process of degradation of natural resources, and ethnobotanical studies have collaborated with important information about the use and traditional knowledge, serving as a tool to design conservation strategies of native plant species. Thus, this study aimed to determine medicinal species meriting conservation priorities in a "Caatinga" area in the northeastern of Brazilian territory. The ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key subjects selected through the "snowball" technique. The availability and species conservation priority was verified by relative density, risk of collection, local use and use of diversity in the forest fragment sampled. It was recorded 42 native medicinal plants and conservation priority score was calculated for seven species, including Mimosa tenuiflora, Hymenaea courbaril, Ximenia americana and Amburana cearensis need immediate conservation and attention, since their collection does not occur in a sustainable way. In order to ensure the perpetuation of the species and the sustainability of traditional therapeutic practice there needs to be a development of conservation practices of caatinga remaining to better conserve the species of the biome.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance This study aims to evaluate the versatility of these species and their agreement of use and/or the informants' knowledge and verify the variability of the information on the indicated medicinal species in comparison to other species from northeastern Brazilian areas. Materials and Methods Ethnobotanical information was acquired through interviews with 23 residents of the Quincuncá community, northeastern Brazil. From the obtained data, a comparative analysis of the therapeutic indications with other 40 areas in different biomes was conducted. For that, the relative importance index and informant consensus factor were calculated and compared to other indices evaluated in the literature. Results A total of 39 medicinal species were cited and twenty-six species showed similarities among their therapeutic indications; however, species as Geoffroea spinosa, Lantana camara, and others can be highlighted, present in community disease indications that were not verified for other areas. Myracrodruon urundeuva, Mimosa tenuiflora, Stryphnodendron rotundifolium, and Amburana cearensis had the greatest versatility. In the Quincuncá community, medicinal species were indicated for 49 diseases, which were grouped into 15 categories of body systems. Conclusion This study shows the presented divergence in relation to their therapeutic use; in this point, these divergences reinforce the importance of pharmacological research.

This study aimed to conduct an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal species in an área of cerrado vegetation in the chapada do Araripe, Ceara, as well as evaluating and selecting species with potential for bioprospecting, based on the relative importance of the species and the consensus among the informants. The ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a free list, and by using the technique "snowball". It was analyzed the relative importance of the mentioned plants as well as species that stood out on the bodily systems, based on the factor:consensus among the informants. It was recorded a total of 38 species distributed into 35 genera and 25 families. Of the total eight species (21%) presented great versatility (IR≥1) regarding to its use. The therapeutic indications were grouped into 14 categories of bodily systems. Disorder of respiratory and genitourinary systems, injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external causes and diseases of the blood, organs and connective tissue, obtained a greater consensus among the informants. Ximenia americana, Himathantus drasticus, Stryphnodndron rotundifolium, Hancornia speciosa and Cecropia pachysthachya were the species subject to further study, based on versatility, and consensus of the use among the informants.

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The phenology has been discussed according to climatic variations and the environmental characteristics of each physiognomy, trying to identify if there is variation in the vegetative and reproductive phenophases, for Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. in areas of the Cerradão, Carrasco and Humid Forest, Chapada do Araripe in Northeast Brazil and if they are correlated with seasonality. Monthly observation censuses were conducted on 10 individuals from each area from January 2019 to December 2020. The continuous, sub-annual, annual, and supra-annual classes were taken into account. The intensity and synchrony of individuals were evaluated, and seasonality was tested using Spearman's correlation with local weather variables. The species presented a semi-deciduous vegetative phenological strategy, with peaks occurring mainly at the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. The flowering pattern of C. langsdorffii was considered annual and seasonal, because flowering occurred at similar periods in the three areas, with peaks in December and January. Fructification occurred annually, with seasonality only in the phyto-physiognomy of the Cerradão. C. langsdorffii bore fruit during the rainy season in the Cerradão, Carrasco and Humid Forest, with the exception only of 2020 in the Carrasco and Humid Forest, where individuals bore fruit during both the rainy and dry seasons. According to the correlation results, precipitation, temperature, and humidity shape the reproductive patterns of C. langsdorffii, which may also occur in populations of this species in other environments.