The production of seeds, mainly of oilseed species, requires that the stages of maturation and harvest occur under optimal conditions, with mild temperatures and dry climatic conditions, avoiding biotic or abiotic stresses, which result in premature death or forced maturation, producing seeds and grains. greenish, with reduced physiological and organoleptic qualities. Greenish seeds are the result of very rapid translocation of reserves and lower rates of photosynthesis, preventing chlorophyll degradation. These levels of chlorophyll present in the seeds can be affected by the genotype and the climate, being an enzymatic process, evidenced by the increase of chlorylides, resulting in an increase of pheophytins and other derivatives. Green seeds, when destined for the production of vegetable oil, resulted in a product with higher acidity and higher refining cost.
Maize landraces are important genetic resources for maize breeding. Many of these landrace varieties have not yet been properly studied in order to be distinguished from the others. In this study, multivariate statistical methods were used, beyond the analysis of variance, for estimating genetic dissimilarity among 27 maize landrace accessions. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis were performed using 16 evaluated quantitative characters. The ANOVA results reported the existence of significant differences among the tested accessions for 14 evaluated characters. Two principal components almost explained 49% of found experimental variance. Four different clusters were formed by the used clustering analysis, whose results were plotted into a dendrogram. The graphical integration of this dendrogram with the PCA allowed to conclude that the variation found may be due to the genotypic distinctions existing among the four groups of accesses determined in this study.
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