Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(6):817-825, junho 2013 817 RESUMO.-Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a variação da temperatura após a tosquia de ovinos em condição ambiental quente e seca e comparar as mudanças de temperatura com variações de frequências cardíaca e respiratória, movimentos ruminais e estado de hidratação. Vinte ovelhas Suffolk não tosquiadas foram estudadas. O exame físico foi realizado em todos os animais três vezes ao dia às The aim of this study was to determine the variation of the temperature after shearing in sheep under dry and hot environment conditions and to compare the temperature changes with variation in cardiac and respiratory frequencies, ruminal movements and hydration status. Twenty Suffolk unshorn ewes were studied. Physical examination was performed in all animals three times a day at 7:00 AM, 1:00 PM and 7:00 PM, during 42 days (22 days before shearing and 20 days after shearing). The skin temperature was measured by infrared thermometer over several surfaces of the body. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, for comparisons between groups (shorn versus unshorn) at each time, and the significant difference was evaluated at level of P<0.05 by Tukey test. The respiratory frequency was statistically significant at all times. When air humidity was high, the respiratory frequencies were low. The thermal stress was clear in sheep of this study, reflecting marked changes in cardiac and respiratory frequencies and rectal temperature. The respiratory frequency was the parameter more reliable to establish a framework of thermal stress in the unshorn sheep, with values on average three times higher than those reported in the literature. The heart rate monitors the thermal variation of the environment and is also an indicator of heat stress. This variation shows the Suffolk breed is well adapted to hot climates. The correlation between the body surface temperatures with environment temperature and air humidity was negative, as explained by the effect of wool insulation, i.e. even with an increase in environment temperature and humidity, the body temperature tends to maintain a compensating balance. In the shorn animals, the correlation between skin temperature with environment temperature and air humidity showed that the skin temperature increases when the environment temperature increases. The increase in the environment temperature does not affect the body temperature of unshorn animals due the insulating effect of the wool. However, when environment temperature rises, the presence of the wool starts to affect the thermal comfort as the heat absorption is larger than the capacity of heat loss. In this study, the best thermal stress indicators were the respiratory frequency and rectal and skin temperatures. The temperatures of the skin measured at the perineum, axillae and inner thigh were considered the most reliable.INDEX TERMS: Sheep shearing, thermal stress, animal welfare.
This study aimed to verify whether the body and local temperatures change after high-intensity, short-duration exercise (team roping) and whether different pieces of training influence these changes. To this end, twelve animals, males and females, aged 3-6 years, with an average weight of 450 kg, were used. The horses were divided into two groups: regular training (RTG) and sporadic training (STG). The surface temperatures were assessed using a specific thermal camera. Temperatures of the ocular, thoracolumbar, distal tendon (thoracic and pelvic limbs) and croup regions were measured 30 min before, immediately after, and one, two, six and 24 hours after competition simulation. In the RTG, there was an increase in surface eye temperature two hours after exercise, returning to baseline level 24 hours later. In the STG, increase in eye temperature occurred immediately after exercise and returned to baseline level two hours later. Temperature of the pelvic limb tendons and croup (right side) rose immediately after exercise and did not return to baseline level 24 hours later. Team roping exercise increased the surface temperature of the distolateral thoracic and pelvic limb, croup and thoracolumbar regions in both groups and the eye temperature in the STG. Training frequency influenced the surface temperature profile in the distolateral pelvic limb, croup and thoracolumbar regions.
[Endoscopic airway, blood gas, electrolytes, and acid-base
RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes tipos de treinamento sobre o condicionamento físico de equinos por meio da determinação do lactato sanguíneo e da atividade sérica de creatina quinase, aspartato aminotransferase e lactato desidrogenase após exercício físico de alta intensidade e curta duração. Amostras de sangue venoso foram obtidas de 16 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, divididos em dois grupos: grupo de treinamento regular (GTR) e grupo de treinamento esporádico (GTE), em sete diferentes momentos: 30 minutos antes do exercício (M0), imediatamente após (M1), 30 minutos (M2), uma (M3), duas (M4), seis (M5) e 24 (M6) horas após o exercício. Para a análise estatística, os dados foram testados quanto à normalidade e homogeneidade de variâncias. Para comparar os grupos e os momentos em cada grupo foram utilizados testes paramétricos (ANOVA) para a análise das atividades séricas das enzimas musculares e não paramétricos (Mann-Whitney e Friedmann) para a análise do lactato sanguíneo (P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para nenhuma variável. No entanto, dentro dos grupos experimentais foi possível observar diferenças significativas entre os momentos avaliados, em relação ao lactato e à LDH. No GTE, foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto ao lactato, entre o M0 e o M1, com valores respectivos de 0,90 mmol/L (mín. 0,8 - máx. 1,6) e 3,65mmo/L (mín. 1,0 - máx. 5,7) e quanto à LDH, onde os valores descritos no M6 diferiram significativamente de M0, M1, M2, M3 e M4. No GTR, diferenças significativas entre os momentos experimentais foram observadas em relação à LDH, sendo que os valores observados no M6 foram os menores e diferiram significativamente daqueles encontrados no M1, M2, M3 e M4. Em conclusão, não houve diferença entre o condicionamento físico dos animais treinados regularmente e aqueles treinados esporadicamente. A baixa magnitude das elevações das concentrações de CK, AST e LDH após o exercício e o rápido retorno aos valores basais, inclusive do lactato, observados em ambos os grupos, sugere que todos os animais avaliados estavam condicionados e aptos a realizar tal atividade física.
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