Based on the theme of sports risk prevention and control in colleges and universities, the connotation and classification of sports risk in colleges and universities are recognized and screened, the theoretical basis of sports risk prevention and control in colleges and universities is interpreted, and the needs of sports risk prevention and control in colleges and universities are analyzed. On the basis of questionnaire and expert interview, the analytic method is used to construct the evaluation index system of sports risk prevention and control in colleges and universities, including 5 first-level indexes, 9 second-level indexes, and 27 third-level indexes in colleges and universities, teachers, students, parents, and communities, in order to find out the characteristics and occurrence rules of sports risk in colleges and universities in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, Hunan Province. We find out the loopholes and shortcomings in the risk management of sports in colleges and universities and provide theoretical reference for reducing the risk of sports in colleges and universities in the region and improving students’ physical quality.