The essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydro-distillation of flowers and stems of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) growing in Ivory Coast were investigated. The oils were analyzed and characterized by GC and GC-MS. Analyses of the EOs led to the identification and quantification of 48 constituents in the flower oil and 44 from the stem oil, respectively. Characterization of the EOs revealed the predominance of 6-demethoxyageratochromene or precocene I (flower: 58.8%, stem: 76.5%) and the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (flower: 15.2%, stem: 8.1%). Six of the identified compounds β-copaene, hexanal, trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene, α-calacorene, caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-diene-5-β-ol and 1,10-di-epi-cubenol are reported for the first time as constituents of A. conyzoides. Comparative analysis with data from Nigeria, Pakistan, Fiji and Brazil is reported. The antibacterial activity of EOs from of A. conyzoides was tested against seven bacteria. The inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for bacteria strains which were sensitive to A. conyzoides EOs were in the range of 6.7 to 12.7 mm and 64 to 256 μg/mL, respectively. The EOs showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.
Our work was based on the study of aqueous and hydroethanol extracts from the leaves of Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae), Corchorus olitorius L. (Tiliaceae) and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), and decoction. This work presents for the first time the phytochemical screening and the antioxidant activity of extracts of leaves of these three plants coming from the Côte d’Ivoire. Phytochemical analysis of these extracts revealed the presence of polyphenols and alkaloids in the three leaves. The total phenolic content of the extracts showed variations, between 13.22 and 90.89 mg GAE/g. The hydroethanol extract (90.89 mg GAE/g) and decoction of C. olitorius (57.89 mg GAE/g) had the most elevated contents. The evaluation of the reducing power with DPPH method revealed that the hydroethanol extract of C. olitorius was the most active (IC50 = 45.58 µg/mL). This result was in agreement with that obtained by FRAP method.
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