Context: To date, there are no reports to validate the Indian traditional and folklore claims of Artemisia maderaspatana L. (syn. Grangea maderaspatana L.) (Asteraceae) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Objective: The present study characterizes the volatile components (non-polar compounds) of A. maderaspatana and evaluates its acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential. Materials and methods: The essential oils (yield 0.06% v/w) were obtained from fresh aerial part of A. maderaspatana. The characterization of volatile components (non-polar compounds) was performed by GC-MS data and with those of reference compounds compiled in the spectral library of in-house database. The in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition of the volatile organic constituents (VOC's) of A. maderaspatana aerial part was evaluated in varying concentration ranges (0.70-44.75 mg/mL) with Ellman's method. Results: The major components were a-humulene (46.3%), b-caryophyllene (9.3%), a-copaene (8.2%), b-myrcene (4.3%), Z(E)-a-farnesene (3.7%), and calarene (3.5%). Chemical variability among other Artemisia spp. from different climatic regions of India and countries namely Iran and France was observed. The experimental results showed that diverse volatile organic constituents of A. maderaspatana have significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (an IC 50 value of 31.33 ± 1.03 mg/mL). This is the first report on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase properties of essential oil of A. maderaspatana obtained from fresh aerial part. Conclusions: The present results indicate that essential oil of A. maderaspatana isolated from the northern region of India could inhibit AChE moderately. Therefore, the possibility of novel AChE inhibitors might exist in VOCs of this plant.
Aloe vera Aloe barbadensis ( Miller) is a perennial leaf succulent belonging to the Liliaceae family, and is called the silent healer. It is use as folk medicine, it is claimed that has wound and burn healing properties, and Aloe vera immunomodulatory effects. Also it is used in a commercial products because of these therapeutic attributes. It is being used as a whole extract, however, and the relationship between the components of the extract and its overall effect has not been elucidated. A precise understanding of the biologic activities of these is required to develop as a Aloe vera pharmaceutical source. Many attempts have been made to isolate single, biologically active components, to examine their effects, and clarify their functional mechanism. The present review focuses on the detailed composition of Aloe vera, its various phytocomponents having various biological properties that help to improve health and prevent disease conditions.
Traditional medicinal system relies on the knowledge and clinical expertization of physicians to regulate the indigenous medicinal system for the sake of well being to humans. Considering the bioavailability issues of phytoconstituents, in this review, we have focused on the various aspects of phytosomes in drug delivery. Phytosome technology is used to enhance the absorption of poorly absorbed lipid soluble active constituents from the herb extracts. So, the article covers a brief introduction of phytosomes, their method of development along with its formulation and evaluation parameters such FTIR, NMR etc. Different types of dosages forms are described in the review, merits and demerits are also discussed along with diagrammatic representation of phytosome development technique. So, the article is the direction for future research to increase the absorption of phytoconstituents.
Azadirachta indica is an Indian tree well known for its several pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial activity. A. indica leaves extract was used to screen antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The methanol extract of leaves of A. indica was prepared and its phytochemical screening was performed. The phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence alkaloids, polyphenol, tannins, flavonoids and glycoside in extract. The methanol extract of A. indica leaves tested against S. aureus using disc diffusion method. Gentamicin was used as standard and compared the effect of antibacterial activity of methanol extract. The methanol extract of A. indica leaves demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against tested bacteria.
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