Financial inclusion is one of the buzz-words in the development circles lately.It is also one of the major challenges throughout the world today and every government is taking different measures to make this dream come true. Various initiatives were taken up by Reserve Bank of India(RBI)/Government of India(GOI) like nationalization of banks, expansion of bank branch network, establishment & expansion of cooperative and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), leadbank schemes, formation of Self Help Groups(SHGs), Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) and Business correspondent model etc.in order to ensure financial inclusion. Besides all these initiativesas per census, 2011, out of 24.67 crore household in the country, only 14.48 crore (58.7%) households had access to organized banking services. To remove this disparity,government launched Pardhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna(PMJDY)with the objective to ensure universal access to banking facility with at least one basic bank account for every household.Government has successfully opened more than 12.5crore bank account throughvarious banks and mobilized more than INR10,000 crore deposits up to January, 2015. In this context, this paper is an attempt to study the current trends in financial inclusion in India with special reference to PMJDY.
The development of welfare assessment schemes involves a difficult balancing of practical constraints against the need for scientific validity and reliability. There are lots of constraints in following proper welfare practices at farmer’s level. In view of above the present study was conducted on Jamtara district of Jharkhand, it has 6 blocks and to have a complete study of whole district, all the 6 blocks were selected. From the selected blocks, two villages (one Peri urban and one rural village) were selected randomly. Data were collected through structured interview schedule. it was observed trends in constraints were as follow, lack of money was the most significant constraints as it was perceived by 95 per cent of dairy owners, second was lack of information (91.66%), lack of availability of Veterinary Doctors (88.33%), lack of feed (82.50%), lack of Government facility (80.83%), and no financial gain in following animal welfare practices perceived by 74.16% respondents. In conclusion, the major constraints experienced by the dairy farmers to follow dairy animal welfare practices were lack of money, lack of information and lack of availability of veterinary doctor in vicinity.
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