Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a systemic disease, predominantly affecting the lungs. Globally, tuberculosis affects around 10.4 million people per year, and kills around million of them, with the majority of patients presenting with pulmonary disease. One of the key challenges to global tuberculosis control is correct diagnosis. The diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis can be obtained from microscopy and culture of a number of different sources including expectorated sputum, induced sputum, gastric washings and bronchoscopy. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) can provide an early conrmative diagnosis in such patients. Among the bronchoscopic materials, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is the best diagnostic material for the diagnosis of PTB.
Pulmonary diseases associated with parasitic infections of the lung are rare. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, caused by the larial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, is endemic in the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia and Africa. The pathogenesis is due to an exaggerated immune response to the larial antigens which includes type I, type III and type IV reactions with eosinophils playing an important role. The disease affects less than 1% of patients with lymphatic lariasis, mainly young adult males. It has an onset of several months with respiratory symptoms mainly fever, cough, dyspnea and wheeze. In India, it is mostly found around the coastal regions from Kerala and West Bengal to Tamil Nadu.
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mainly affects the lungs. Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare localization of extra-pulmonary TB. Breast tuberculosis has a prevalence of 0.6% to 3.6% of all breast infective conditions in India. It appears mostly in women of reproductive, age, multiparous, lactating. It has been scarcely reported to infect male patients, mainly before puberty, as well as women of older age. Most commonly the disease presents as a lump in the central or upper-outer quadrant of the breast while multiple lumps appear less frequently. Often the presentation leads to misdiagnose breast tuberculosis with either breast carcinoma or abscess because lump can mimic breast carcinoma, being hard, with irregular border, xed to either the skin or the muscle or even to the chest wall. Treatment generally involves anti-TB medications with or without surgery
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.