Background:Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is described as difficulty experienced by a female during any stage of a normal sexual activity including physical pleasure, desire, arousal, or orgasm. There are various factors responsible for FSD including psychological status of a person, gynecological or medical problems, long use of certain drugs, and social beliefs.Objectives:To study the prevalence and various factors associated with FSD.Materials and Methods:Study Design - This study design was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at Tertiary Care Centre, in Ahmedabad from June 2015 to March 2016. Sample Size - One hundred and fifty-three fertile females in reproductive age group (20–47 years) were included in the study. Written and informed consent was obtained from all the females. Methods - FSD was assessed with a detailed 19-item female sexual function index questionnaire. All six domains of sexual dysfunction, i.e., desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain were studied. Various associated factors such as gynecological or psychological problems were also studied. Exclusion - Infertile patients were excluded from the study.Results:The prevalence of FSD was 55.55% among 153 fertile females. FSD was more prevalent in the age group of 26–30 years and with duration of marriage >16 years. FSD was also more common in females with middle education and those belonging to upper middle socioeconomic status. Psychological stress was significantly associated with FSD.Conclusion:It is right of every female to lead healthy sexual life as it is key to happiness in marriage. Females with FSD can be managed with proper counseling and treating the underlying etiology.
Spot urinary ACR values are higher in asymptomatic women in early pregnancy, who developed pre-eclampsia later on. When measured early in the second trimester, an ACR ≥ 35.5 mg/mmol predicted pre-eclampsia well before the onset of clinical manifestations with high sensitivity and specificity. It can be used as a good screening tool for predicting pre-eclampsia in early pregnancy.
Ovarian torsion is a true emergency which warrants early diagnosis and timely surgical management to avoid the catastrophic consequences of further adnexal injury. In paediatric population, this is especially dangerous as the condition can go undiagnosed because of its rarity and nonspecific presentation of disease. This leads to delay in surgical exploration and loss of ovarian function. We encountered 6 cases of ovarian torsion in paediatric age group during a period of 2 years, at a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad. After enquiry of the symptoms and a series of investigations, a provisional diagnosis of torsion ovary was made and they were taken up for surgery. Intra-operatively all the patients were found to have non-salvageable ovary and fallopian tube on the affected side, and subsequently they underwent salpingo-oophorectomy. Diagnosis of ovarian torsion requires clinician awareness and a high degree of suspicion. Conservative surgery, in the form of ovarian detorsion can be tried in cases of ischemia but if ovarian necrosis has occurred, then salpingo-oophorectomy is performed as the last resort.
Background The number of patients undergoing renal transplant are increasing with time. Most of these patients fall in the reproductive age group, who are going to conceive sooner or later. But there are few recipients who either are infertile before transplant or became infertile due to underlying renal pathology responsible for transplantation. Objective To study fertility outcome in female renal transplant recipients. Materials and Methods Study design: This is a retrospective study conducted at tertiary health center in Ahmedabad, from 2004 to 2014. Inclusion criteria: Renal transplant recipients in the reproductive age group (20-40 years of age) were followed up in gynecology outdoor patient department. Sample size: There were 211 female renal transplant recipients, out of which 113 (53.5 %) patients had complete family, 3 (1.41 %) patients were infertile, 16 (7.58 %) patients have conceived, 33 (15.63 %) patients were lost to follow-up and remaining 46 (21.8 %) did not try for pregnancy. Exclusion criteria: Unmarried patients, divorced and widow patients were excluded. Results Out of 19 patients, 16 patients conceived and 3 were infertile. The main cause of infertility in these patients was ovarian factor in 2 patients and tubal factor in 1 patient. Among 16 patients, 8 patients had missed abortion, 2 patients had preterm deliveries and 6 patients had term deliveries. Conclusion Peritransplant and preconceptional counseling plays an important role for renal transplant recipients to help them understand the effect of renal pathology and transplantation on their fertility. They can have good fertility and pregnancy outcome with optimum functioning graft.
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