Standard guidelines for the management of early and locally advanced cervical cancer are available from various academic consortiums nationally and internationally. However, implementing standard-of-care treatment poses unique challenges within low- and middle-income countries, such as India, where diverse clinical care practices may exist. The National Cancer Grid, a consortium of 108 institutions in India, aims to homogenize care for patients with cervical cancer by achieving consensus on not only imaging and management, but also in addressing potential solutions to prevalent challenges that affect the homogenous implementation of standard-of-care treatment. These guidelines therefore represent a consensus statement of the National Cancer Grid gynecologic cancer expert group and will assist in homogenization of the therapeutic management of patients with cervical cancer in India.
Background: The insight concerning genetic diversity and relationship among the rice genotypes is a basic contribution to the crop improvement programs. The present field experiment was conducted to study the level of diversity present in 47 rice genotypes using both morphological and molecular analysis.
Methods: The experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), during Kharif-2019 with 47 rice genotypes. Mahalanobis’ D2 analysis was carried out to evaluate the morphological diversity present among the genotypes and 24 polymorphic SSR markers were used for molecular analysis using the NTSYSpc software.
Result: Mahalanobis’ D2 grouped 47 rice genotypes into 6 clusters based on the inter-se genetic distance. The highest inter-cluster distance (1134.14) was observed between clusters II and IV indicating the genotypes present in these clusters to be highly divergent. Molecular diversity analysis grouped the 47 rice genotypes into 3 main clusters i.e., cluster I, cluster II and cluster III, which were further divided into sub-clusters. Polymorphic Information Content varied from 0.12 to 0.86, with an average of 0.465. The highest PIC value was observed for locus RM 507 (0.86). All the 24 primers showed polymorphism and the number of alleles was common for all i.e., 2. Together, the morphological and molecular diversity analysis revealed that Desi Dhan and IR 91143-AC 293-1, Desi Dhan and BD 105, IR 85850 and Lal Sundiya, Chauli and Swarna were the most diverse genotypes among the 47 rice genotypes included in the study.
COVID-19 virus has emerged as a global pandemic. This zoonotic virus has known to be originated in China, which within few weeks has spread across the world. The virus has infected millions of people and lakhs have died due to this virus. It has high transmissibility with a reproductive number (R o) of 2.2. Many cases are reported asymptomatic, hence making the control of the infection a herculean task. Many countries have resorted to lockdowns to fl atten the curve of infection, leading to shutting of many businesses and pushing the global economy into severe recession. India's GDP is said to be in negative territory, as expected by Reserve Bank of India. The review summarizes about the global efforts that are been made to develop novel, rapid, reliable and affordable molecular diagnostic assays such as nucleotide and antigenbased detection assays and serological assays. Many of them are under developing stage and few have received an Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA) or Conformite Europeene (CE) certifi cation for their application in different hospitals and clinical settings. For confi rmatory diagnosis, such category of molecular diagnostics needs to replace the presently employed Real-Time PCR assays that are high in installation, testing cost and expertise intensive normally resulting in delay for obtaining results. These limitations do not permit an exhaustive testing needed under the current pandemic situation. The new category of rapid, reliable, low cost diagnostic once deployed would effectively help in arresting the community transmission of the disease to a larger extent, thereby easing of lockdown situations and contributes towards revival of economy.
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