Year round availability of foraging resources is the key for ensuring diversity and abundance of pollinators, which is crucial for maintaining production of pollinator dependent crops. However, most often, this aspect remains ignored while defining management needs of crop pollinators. Realizing this knowledge gap, extensive surveys were conducted in Nana Kosi watershed of Kumaun west Himalaya, India, and monthly datasets on diversity of foraging plants generated. Among various forage species Cirsium verutum (D. Don) Sprengel, was found as important forage that attracts diverse pollinators and supports to maintain viable population of pollinators during lean period with minimum resource availability. The study recommends C. verutum as an important plant species for pollination management and ensuring sustained flow of pollination services in agricultural landscapes.
Present study was carried out to assess the structure and regeneration of Sal forests in Shiwalik region of Kumaun Himalaya. Vegetation analysis and tree canopy density was determined by using quadrat and densitometer, respectively. Density of seedlings, saplings and trees was 490-14067, 37-1233, and 273-863 ind.ha-1 respectively. The basal area was 0.12-5.44 m2 ha-1 reported for saplings and 25.4-77.6 m2 ha-1 for trees. Regeneration of Sal was found good in Sal mixed dense forest followed by Sal open forest and Sal dense forest, respectively. Regeneration of Sal was assisted by the presence of associated tree species as well as the sufficient sunlight availability on ground due to adequate opening of canopy trees in Sal forest. Thus it is concluded that the density of tree canopy, sunlight availability and also associated tree species impacted the regeneration of Sal in the region.
The present study deals with structure, diversity and regeneration of Sal (ShorearobustaGaertn.) forests in Kumaun region of Central Himalaya. Twoforest types were investigated i.e. Sal dominant forestandSal teak (Tectonagrandis Linn.) mixed forestin KumaunHimalaya.Tree, sapling and seedling density was 650- 911, 36-1303 and 400-6656 ind.ha-1, respectively. Salshowed reverse J-shaped curve representing good regeneration and T. grandisshowed reverse bell shaped indicating fair regeneration in community management system while Sal showed poor regeneration in the government management forest. Sal showed comparatively good regeneration in Sal mixed forest in community managed while poor regeneration in Sal dominantgovernment management system. Over exploitation Sal species for basic needs of people consequentlyimpart the negative impact on regeneration of forest. Thus it is suggested that mixed forests with higher number of species reduces the pressure on individual ones species as can be brought by local people so should be managed and conserved sustainably.
Brassica campestris, an important pollinator dependent oilseed crop of tropical and temperate regions, is often grown in a mixed cropping system in Himalayan hills. This system of multiple crops is considered pollinator friendly on account of diversity of crop species as well as support to the natural habitats. However, the level of such contribution is not well understood. In view of this gap, effects of flowering phenology on pollinator visitation were recorded in diverse cropping systems of B. campestris across an altitude range of 1300-2000 m.a.s.l. Datasets on plant density, number of inflorescence/plant, number of open flowers/plant and pollinator density were recorded. Results indicated that the resource abundance (density of plants and flowers) of mustard significantly favoured the visitation of pollinators. Thus, for optimized pollination, densely grown mustard is recommended in the traditional system.
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