Breast cancer prognosis is related to a variety of clinical, pathologic and molecular features which include classical prognostic factors viz. Histological grade, morphological type, tumour size, mitotic index, Lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases. Estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and more recently, HER-2/neu have with increasing importance influenced the management of the malignancy. The presence of hormone receptors (ER and PR) in the tumour tissue correlates well with the response to hormone therapy and chemotherapy. Aims: To assess ER, PR and Her2neu status in breast cancer and to compare ER, PR and Her2neu status with other prognostic factors like tumour size, pathological type, histological grade, lymph node status, mitotic index and Lymphovascular invasion in breast cancer. Methods and materials: A total of 100 cases of breast cancer reported at pathology department during a period from January 2019 to August 2020 are enrolled in the study. Representative sections with tumour and the adjacent normal breast tissue (internal control) are processed for ER, PR and HER-2/neu immuno-histochemical staining. Tumour size, morphological type, Histological grading, Mitotic index, Lymphovascular invasion, Lymph Node status were studied. Results: Occurrence of breast carcinoma is higher in older women (> 50 years of age). The prevalence of ER, PR, HER-2/neu expression are high (ER-73.0%, PR -65.0% and HER-2/neu -28.0%). About 14.0% tumour are triple negative. Increased HER2/neu positivity is noticed in ER and PR negative tumours. Two third (66.0%) tumour's size is from 2 to 5 cm. Proportion of Grade II (39.0%) and Grade III tumour (37.0%) are high. Most common pathologic type of carcinoma is Infiltrating duct carcinoma, not otherwise specified (85.0%) followed by Mucinous carcinoma (5.0%), Invasive papillary carcinoma (4.0%) and Invasive lobular carcinoma (2.0%). PR positivity is increased with increasing tumour size. (p value = 0.01). PR positivity decreases with the increase in grade. (p value = 0.03). HER/ 2neu expression decreased with rising age. (p value = 0.03). Conclusion:The findings suggest that women in our population more often have histologically less aggressive breast carcinoma with a smaller number of triple negative tumours (14%), so they are likely to be more susceptible to conventional hormonal and targeted antibody treatment.
Background: Various relations have been found out regarding the role of platelets in thrombosis and coronary heart disease. This study is an earnest attempt to delineate the relations between the various platelet volume indices (PVI) and their role in coronary heart disease. Method: During the study period of April 2014 to March 2015, total 180 subjects were studied. Out of them 120 were cases and 60 were controls. The cases of coronary artery disease were divided in to two groups A and B, according to their treatment. Group A included 60 patients with acute coronary syndromes, mainly AMI and UA with medical treatment. Group B included 60 patients with any percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) for previous ischemic event. Group C included 60 healthy individuals from health check-up unit. A brief and relevant clinical history and laboratory investigations will be taken on the prepared Performa for the subjects. The EDTA and plain samples of 180 subjects were processed in the Central Diagnostic Laboratory. Results: The present study showed higher PVI in the group A and group B when compared to the control group. MPV, PDW and P-LCR were signicantly reduced after treatment in both groups A and B. The mortality was more in those with higher PVI. Conclusion: Coronary artery disease is associated with signicant morbidity and mortality. Platelet volume indices in histograms are easily generated by automated cell counter. Thus, by assessment of it we can predict an impending coronary event. We can prevent reinfarction by monitoring of it. The risk of acute coronary event is also decreased after treatment.
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