The incidence of Perthes' disease in parts of south India was estimated by means of a hospital survey, an incidence study and a prevalence survey. Based on the incidence study it was noted that the minimum incidence of Perthes' disease in Udupi Taluk on the western coastal plain of south India was 4.4 per 100,000 children aged 5 to 14 years, while the prevalence survey suggested that the incidence may be as high as 14.8 per 100,000 children. The studies showed that there is a marked geographical variation in the incidence of Perthes' disease in south India, the disease being much more common in the western coastal region than elsewhere. The age of onset of the disease was significantly higher than that reported from England and the disease appeared to be rural rather than urban.
The present study was done to compare diagnostic yield by fine needle non aspiration technique (FNNAC) with Fine Needle Aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lesions in thyroid gland. FNNAC and FNAC both were performed on 69 patients presenting with thyroid lesions, except those suffering from thyrotoxicosis. Smears were then cytologically interpreted by a single pathologist as unsuitable, diagnostically adequate or diagnostically superior for opinion, without the knowledge of sampling method employed. Slides were evaluated for following aspects namely cellularity, presence of colloid, inflammatory cell, hemosiderin laden macrophages, papillary clusters nuclear overlapping, nuclear grooving, hurthle cells. FNNAC gave better results in form of better quality of cellularity and less field obscurity by blood in lesions of thyroid. Diagnostically superior specimens were obtained more frequently by FNNAC, so this technique should be used alone or in tandem with FNAC for better diagnostic yield.
Objective: To compare the efficacy of Oxytocin versus Methylergometrine in active management of third stage of labour in reducing risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: This study was carried out by randomly assigning into two groups with 150 women in each group. Group 1 included patients who received injection Oxytocin 10 IU intramuscular within one minute of the birth of the baby. Injection Methylergometrine (0.2 mg) was given intravenously at the delivery of anterior shoulder of the baby to women in Group 2. Outcome measures were the duration of third stage, blood loss, pre and post-delivery hematocrit, side effects and incidence of PPH. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test, Fischers test, Mann Whitney test, and t test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean duration of third stage of labour, mean blood loss, post-delivery fall in hematocrit and need for additional uterotonics were significantly less in the Group 2. However side effects like nausea, vomiting and rise in blood pressure were significantly higher in women in Group 2 (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Methylergometrine is more effective than Oxytocin in reducing the duration of third stage of labour and blood loss but has significant side effects like nausea, vomiting and rise in blood pressure.
Background and objectives: Beedi rolling is a popular household occupation amongst the economically poor female population of coastal Karnataka districts. This study aimed to identify the effects of occupational tobacco exposure on the beedi rolling pregnant mother and her neonate. The objectives were to study the maternal outcomes with respect to hypertension in pregnancy, anemia, abruptio-placenta, preterm labor and the neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight, low appearance, pulse grimace, activity, respiration (APGAR) and clinical assessment of nutrition status (CANS) score.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mangaluru from February 2014 to June 2015. A sample size of 500 was calculated with a 95% confidence level and 85% power. Cohort groups of 250 each were randomized as beedi rollers and non-beedi rollers based on the history of exposure and were prospectively followed till delivery. Results:The study results showed overall complications of 37.6 % among the beedi rollers which was clinically and statistically significant. Among the beedi rollers, 22.4% mothers had hypertension in pregnancy, of which 13.4%, had gestational hypertension, 8.2% pre-eclampsia, 0.4% had eclampsia, 27.6% were anaemic, and 9.6% had fetal growth restriction. There was no increase in the incidence of preterm labor, abrubtio-placenta. Our study also showed an increased risk of low birth weight (29.4%), but no significant difference in APGAR scores and CANS score among both groups. Based on the ROC curve we found, rolling 425 beedis can be taken as a safe limit during pregnancy with a sensitivity of 73.4% and specificity of 53.2% and 22 weeks period of gestation can be taken as safe limit up to which beedis can be rolled during pregnancy with a sensitivity of 61.7% and specificity of 64.1%. Clinical significance:In this study, dreadful complications can be attributed to beedi rolling. Majority of it can be prevented by health education and simple preventive measures such as using masks and gloves while rolling beedis for which further studies are warranted.
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