The Western Ghats, also known as Sahyadri is a mountain range that covers an area of 140,000 square km parallel to the Western coast of the Indian Peninsula .It traverses the states of Kerala , Tamilnadu , Karnataka ,Goa ,Maharashtra, and Gujarat. It is a UNESCO world heritage site and is one of the eight hottest hot spots of biological diversity in the world. It covers 5000 species of flowering plants ,139 mammals species ,508 birds species, and 179 amphibian species ,many discovered species live in the Western Ghats . At least 325 globally threatened species occur in this region. The region glitches many anthropogenic intervention like illegal mining, the establishment of human settlement and deforestation etc. From a Historical view, the Western Ghats is the home for tribes > 50 types of tribes are living in the Western Ghats from the anecdotal period. The majority of the tribal are largely dependent on forests for their livelihood. After the implementation of the forest policy , the tribal livelihood status really worsened in the Western Ghats , they are unable to meet the daily requirement of recommended food intake >2500 Kcl. After post-independence (73years ) of India many development programs are implemented in the tribal area for improvement of livelihood status , but as of calendar date they are facing many problems like economic instability , lack of literacy , lower level of quality of life and not politically empowered . In this context , in the interest of policy implication at the tribal area , the present study was undertaken to study the socioeconomic status and spatial distribution of tribal in the Western Ghats. This study practically helps the policymakers , planners of the policy, and researcher scholars to extrapolate the tribal settlement through the geo-spacing tag of tribal , socio-economic level, Knowledge and attitude of Conservation of Western Ghats at the population level .
BACKGROUND Cataract is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world. Accurate biometry is an essential component in determining the visual outcome after cataract surgery. With the introduction of newer instruments, various studies have been conducted regarding the accuracy of axial length and IOL power measurements. The aim of our study is to compare axial length (AXL) and IOL power values in A-scan biometry versus IOL master. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 eyes in 100 patients presenting to clinical practice for cataract surgery with no retinal pathology in a tertiary eye care centre. Keratometry values were obtained from Auto ref-keratometer and the values were kept constant for both methods. Axial length was measured with Biomedix applanation ultrasound A-scan biometry and the Zeiss-700 IOL-Master. IOL power was calculated using SRK/T formula from the obtained values. Both values were compared between A-scan biometry and IOL-master. RESULTS Out of 100 patients, 67 were females and 33 were males. Mean age of the patients was 62.74 ± 7.92. The mean K1 and K2 were 44.30D and 44.90D respectively. The mean AXL measured by A-scan was 23.34 ± 0.72 mm and that with IOL master was 23.20 ± 0.65 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between two methods (p=0.1). The mean IOL power was 20.15 ± 4.84D with Ascan versus 20.85 ± 4.75D with IOL-master and the difference between the two methods was not statistically significant (p=0.2). CONCLUSIONS There is no significant difference in axial length and IOL power values when measured in A-scan biometry and IOL master. Both methods give accurate results and can be chosen accordingly.
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