The aim of the study was to identify possible sensitive phases in the development of the processing system for human faces. We tested the neural processing of faces in 11 humans who had been blind from birth and had undergone cataract surgery between 2 mo and 14 y of age. Pictures of faces and houses, scrambled versions of these pictures, and pictures of butterflies were presented while event-related potentials were recorded. Participants had to respond to the pictures of butterflies (targets) only. All participants, even those who had been blind from birth for several years, were able to categorize the pictures and to detect the targets. In healthy controls and in a group of visually impaired individuals with a history of developmental or incomplete congenital cataracts, the well-known enhancement of the N170 (negative peak around 170 ms) event-related potential to faces emerged, but a face-sensitive response was not observed in humans with a history of congenital dense cataracts. By contrast, this group showed a similar N170 response to all visual stimuli, which was indistinguishable from the N170 response to faces in the controls. The face-sensitive N170 response has been associated with the structural encoding of faces. Therefore, these data provide evidence for the hypothesis that the functional differentiation of category-specific neural representations in humans, presumably involving the elaboration of inhibitory circuits, is dependent on experience and linked to a sensitive period. Such functional specialization of neural systems seems necessary to archive high processing proficiency.

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Modified scleral fixated silicone band loop myopexy with or without MR recession is a safe and effective procedure in the management of MSF and improves alignment significantly.

IOL power calculation with SRK II formula with sulcus placement of IOL gives favourable refractive outcomes. Though age-based refraction is targeted, a significant PE may be expected.

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An 8-year-old girl presented with a 5-day history of double vision on attempting to look downward. Examination of her eye movements revealed weakness of bilateral superior oblique muscles, with a normal examination otherwise. The brain MRI revealed a cysticercal granuloma of the midbrain ventral to the cerebral aqueduct with perilesional edema, sparing both red nuclei, and giving the appearance of "face of panda" ( figure, A and B). The face of panda sign has been described in cases of Wilson disease, including "face of giant panda" and "face of panda cub" in the midbrain and pons, respectively.

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