Patient safety is fundamental to high-quality patient care. Hospitalization has its inherent complications. Medical errors can further comprise patient safety. Hospitals provides an opportunity for practicing preventive medicine. Two important areas are (i) making treatment and hospitalization free from side-effects (ii) obviating medical errors. In hospitals these can have serious consequences. Patient safety compromise can occur at the individual or system level. A methodical model for this should include (i) Intervention design (ii) Intervention implementation (iii) Intervention institutionalization. Managerial perspective important for leadership and team work. Leadership can energize excellence in the coordination and mobilization of the large number of inter-dependent processes and resources needed for achievement of patient safety. Three-dimensional strategy for Leadership is suggested (i) Initiatives appealing (ii) Integrating all (iii) Incremental advancements. The ‘Five Es’ for Teamwork, and the ‘Five Cs’ for Organizational Change are elaborated. Artificial Intelligence has the potential to improve healthcare safety. AI enables analysis of data from multiple sources simultaneously using advanced algorithms. This identifies predictors and outcomes. Ensemble learning algorithms, used by advanced practitioners of machine learning, are useful with high final accuracy. Hence in matters of health these should be utilized. All this will make prevention targeted, better, and timely.
Purpose Advances in bioinformatics, information technology, advanced computing, imaging techniques are changing fundamentally the way physicians define, diagnose, treat, and prevent disease. New disciplines – Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Computational Biology – are improving healthcare. Digital health solutions have immense scope. Education and practice need to keep pace. Methods We aimed at assessment of “Technology proficiency” required by medical graduates and its implementation, if found useful. All this in a conceptual framework of “TP” model, having categories (a) proper assessment (b) pertinent treatment (c) progress monitoring (d) prevention applications (e) professional standards. A search of the literature was performed using MedLine & Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, for systematic reviews and meta-analysis articles published in the last five years using keyword “technology”. Analysis of those relevant to the role all medical graduates should play. An analysis of worldwide statutory medical institutions guidelines. Results Twenty-three systematic studies and meta-analysis were studied. Eighteen show clear evidence for ‘Technology proficiency”, while 5 recommend further studies. The findings are discussed suiting the roles of doctors in the “TP” model. Medical institutions guidelines worldwide diligence suggests need of including “Technology proficiency” as a definite and distinct strategic plan. Medical Council of India mandates “use information technology for appropriate patient care and continued learning”. General Medical Council, UK and Medical Council India have been proactive in technology training. GMC recommends technology use for learning, prescribing, communication, and interpersonal skills. It should be expanding technology proficiency in practice as an essential professional capability. Conclusion “Technology proficiency” is found pertinently fruitful. It should be included as a definitive requirement and a distinct strategic plan worldwide. Modern curriculum development is proposed (i) Educational goals and objectives as the proposed Conceptual framework “Technology proficiency” model (ii) Instructional strategies ‘Five Bs’ (iii) Implementation ‘Five Ms’.
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