In sub-Saharan Africa, multiple plant nutrients deficiency besides N and P is a major growth-limiting factor for crop production. As a result, some soils become non-responsive for Rhizobium inoculation besides P application. Based on the soil test result, the soil of experimental sites had low OM, N, P, S and Zn. Hence, an experiment was carried out on-farm, during 2016/17 growing season, at Gondar Zuria woreda in Tsion and Denzaz Kebeles to evaluate the effect of Rhizobium inoculation, S and Zn application on yield, nodulation, N and P uptake of chickpea. The experiment included twelve treatments developed via factorial combination of two level of inoculation (Rhizobium inoculated, un-inoculated), three level of S (0, 15, 30 kg Sulphur ha-1) and two levels of Zn (0, 1.5 kg Zinc ha-1). The treatment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the highest mean nodule number (15.3) and nodule volume (1.3 ml plant-1) over locations were obtained with Rhizobium inoculation integrated with 15 kg S and 1.5 kg Zn ha-1 which resulted in 37.8% and 116.7% increment over the control check, respectively. It was also observed that combined application of Rhizobium and 30 kg S ha-1 caused the highest (6.7) mean nodulation rating and seed yield (1775.5 kg ha-1) over locations which resulted in 86.1% and 28 % increase over the control check, respectively. Moreover, this treatment improved P use efficiency of chickpea. On the bases of observed result, it can be concluded that the response of chickpea to Rhizobium and P application can be improved by S application and Rhizobium inoculation with application of 30 kg S ha-1 with recommended rate of P and starter N is recommended for chickpea production at the experimental locations in Gonder Zuria Woreda.
Increasing barley production in the face of declining soil fertility on smallholder farms is a critical challenge in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the optimum rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) fertilizers under a balanced fertilization of other macro- and micronutrients (zinc and boron) and (2) quantify the agronomic efficiency of N and P on Cambisols and Vertisols. The trials were conducted for three consecutive years (2014–2016) on farmers’ fields on 83 sites under rain-fed conditions. On each farm, six rates of N, P, K, and S with a balanced application of the other nutrients were laid out separately in a randomized block design with three replicates. Balanced fertilization resulted in yield increments of 26–59% on Cambisols and 18–74% on Vertisols, as compared with the control (0 N). Application of P increased grain yield from 11% to 30% and from 7% to 14% due to the interaction of P by soil type as compared with the control. The application of K and S, however, had no significant effect on barley yields on either soil type. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) was obtained from 46 kg N ha−1, with AEN increasing by 117% on Cambisols and 33% on Vertisols, as compared with the highest N rate of 230 kg N ha−1. The maximum agronomic efficiency of P (AEP) was recorded with 10 kg P ha−1 on Vertisols, with AEP increasing by 73% on Cambisols and 452% on Vertisols, as compared with the application of 50 kg P ha−1. With balanced application of other nutrients, use of 230 kg N and 20 kg P ha−1 was recommended for tepid sub-moist mid-highlands and Vertisols. For tepid sub-humid mid-highlands, application of 46 kg N and 20 kg P ha−1 with balanced application of other nutrients was recommended. For Cambisols, application of 230 kg N and 40 kg P ha−1 was recommended with balanced application of the other nutrients. Similarly, application of 230 kg N, 40 kg P, and 10 kg S ha−1 was tentatively recommended for cool sub-most mid highlands. However, response to K was inconsistent and therefore a firm recommendation could not be proposed for the study sites. Further research needs to be conducted on more soil types and locations.
To cite this article: Beza Shewangizaw, Kenzemed Kassie, Shawl Assefa & Tesfaye Feyisa | (2020) On farm verification of soil test-based phosphorus fertilizer recommendations for bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.
Background: Sulphur is becoming an important limiting nutrient to agricultural production in Ethiopian soil. Bread wheat is one of the most important cereal crops produced and consumed in Ethiopia. Declining soil fertility is one of the major factors that accounts for low productivity of wheat in Ethiopia which is caused by soil erosion, continuous cropping of same land year after, deforestation, depletion of organic matter is the main challenge not only to wheat production Methods: The eld experiment was conducted for consecutive three years (2013/14-2015/16) to evaluate effects of S levels on yield and yield components of bread wheat grown on two soil types (Cambisols and Vertisols), North Central of Ethiopia. An experiment consisting of six levels S (0, 10, 20,30,40 and 50 kg ha-1) laid out in RCB design with three replications. Results: Results revealed that, yield components were not affected by different levels of S while, yield of wheat were signi cantly affected by S in both soil types. S applied on cambisols at 30 and 40 kg ha-1 increased grain yield (GY) of wheat by 9.0 and 10.1 % over control respectively. The corresponding increases on Vertisols were 8.0 and 10.0 % over control respectively. Application of 10 and 30 kg S ha-1 produced the highest MMR (4913.31 and 1277.24%) respectively. Conclusions: The current nding presents additional evidence to research claims that S is becoming a limiting nutrient in some Ethiopian soils. Application of 10 and 30 kg S ha-1 are found to be the most economically feasible treatments for bread wheat production in Cambisols and Vertisols of the district respectively.
Deficiency of sulfur (S) is increasingly being reported in the soils of Ethiopia. While some studies have shown significant response of barley to S application, information on the response of barley to S application is conspicuously lacking. The average yield of barley in Ethiopia is lower compared to the world and potential yield. It is mostly constrained by the depletion of soil fertility, caused by imbalanced fertilization, limited application of organic manure, intensive cropping. A field experiment was conducted at two locations for three consecutive years (2014–2016) to determine the effect of S on growth, yield components, and yield of food barley. An experiment consisting of six levels S (0, 10, 20,30,40, and 50 kg ha−1) laid out in RCB design with three replications. The study results revealed that growth and yield components of barley were not affected by various levels of S. In the case of barley grain and straw yield was significantly affected by S levels compared to control treatment. Application of S at 20 kg ha−1 increased grain and straw yield of food barley by 16.8 and 20.2% compared to control, respectively. Application of 20 kg S ha−1 produced the highest marginal rate of return (MMR) (3493.2%). The present result revealed that barley yield has been improved by the application of S fertilizer. Therefore, the application of 20 kg S ha−1 is initiate to be the further most economically feasible treatment for food barley production in the Basona woreba district.
The present study was conducted to investigate the response of major cereal crops to application of potassium with balanced fertilizers as well as to validate newly released soil fertility map of Amhara Region. A field experiment was carried out with different districts of North Shewa of Amhara region: Kewet (Sorghum), Basona warana (Food Barley) Moretena jiru and Mojana wedera (Bread wheat. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replications. The treatments were consisted of NPS, NPS+K, NPSBZn, and NPSBZn+K. The required amount of nitrogen and phosphorus were adjusted to crop and site specific recommendation. The rate of K was 150 kg ha-1 K2O and applied as a straight fertilizer at planting in the form of potassium chloride (KCl).The highest grain yield of sorghum (4301.9 kg ha-1) was recorded under the treatment of NPSBZn and followed by NPS fertilizer application respectively, while lower grain yields (3017.7 and 3186.9 kg ha-1) were recorded under the treatments of NPSBZn and NPS with potassium fertilizer application. Even though statically insignificance both NPS and NPSBZn, application of NPSBZn had gave 5.3% of sorghum grain yield advantage as compared to sole NPS and N fertilizer application. The highest grain yield of barley (4411 kg ha-1) also was recorded under the treatment of NPS and followed by NPS+K respectively, while lower grain yield (3960.6 kg ha-1) was recorded under the treatments of NPSBZn. Grain yield of bread also showed similar trend as grain yield of food barley at Moretena jiru and Mojana wedera districts. Generally the results of this experiment did not showed agronomical viable options due to utilization of potassium with recommended NP nutrient sources and micronutrients. The soil was deficient in organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus and adequate in available potassium. Thus it can be concluded that potassium is not a yield limiting nutrient but soil nitrogen and phosphorus management need especial attention.
Background: A field experiment was conducted at Basonawerana district, Amhara regional state on two major soil types for three consecutive years to determine the effect of application of potassium fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat and to verify the soil fertility and fertilizer recommendation Atlas of the study site. Six levels potassium were applied (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 kg K ha-1). At each potassium levels, a balanced nutrient of 92 kg N, 30 kg P, 30 kg S, 2 kg Zn, 0.5 kg Cu and 0.5 kg B ha-1 were applied. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with tree replications. Result: The analysis of variance showed that all the measured parameters were Significant influenced by year, soil type and the interaction of year x soil type. The highest grain yield, which was observed from cambisols during the first year was increased grain yield by 176.7 % (3954 kg ha-1) compared with the lowest yield observed from vertisols during the third year. Similar trend was also observed in straw yield and harvest index. On the other hand, all the measured parameters was non-significant influenced by K rate, interaction of K rate x soil type and year x K rate x soil types. Numerically, the highest yield (3878.9 kg ha-1) was observed from the highest K rate. However, the trend was not consistent. Conclusion: application of different rates of potassium fertilizer brings any significant growth and yield response on two soil types of the study sites. So, application of this fertilizer is not recommended for the crop with such high K soil status.
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