Highlights There are limited number of studies analyzing viral load in COVID19 patients and any data that compare viral load to chest computerized tomography (CT) severity. There are limited number of studies that give the amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical specimens by reporting cycle threshold (Ct) value for RT-PCR. The total stress score (TSS) was suggested to quantify pulmonary inflammation and correlate to the clinical classifications. TSS is a quantification method to score the severity of inflammation on CT images based on summing up degree of acute lung inflammation lesions involvement of each lobe (including ground-glass opacity or consolidation or other fuzzy interstitial opacities). To our knowledge, this is the first study that analyse TSS of chest CT and Ct values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in both hospitalised and outpatients.

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Objective: To describe the radiological features, diagnostic accuracy and features of imaging studies and their relation with clinical course of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in pregnant women. Material and Methods: The clinical, laboratory and radiological features of symptomatic pregnant women suspected of COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed. Chest radiography (CXR) and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of COVID-19 in pregnant women were identified. Results: Fifty-five of eighty-one pregnant women were included in the final analysis. The most common admission symptoms were dry cough (45.4%), fever (29.1%) and dyspnea (34.5%). Radiological imaging studies were performed in 34 (61.8%) patients. Fourteen (66.7%) of the laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients had parenchymal abnormalities on CXR, and most common abnormalities were airspace opacities (61.9%) and prominent bronchovascular shadows (28.6%). Seventeen (85.0%) of the patients had parenchymal abnormalities consistent with COVID-19 on their chest CT. Chest CT most commonly showed bilateral (88.2%), multilobe (100%) involvement; peripheral and central distribution (70.6%); patchy-shape (94.1%) and ground-glass opacity (94.1%). The sensitivity of CXR and chest CT was calculated as 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Preterm birth rate was 41.2% (n=7/17). Five (9.1%) of the 55 pregnant women admitted to the intensive care unit, three of those developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and one died. Conclusion: This study describes the main radiological features of symptomatic pregnant women infected with COVID-19. The refusal rate among pregnant women for the imaging modalities involving ionizing radiation was high but these had high sensitivity for COVID-19 diagnosis. The preterm birth and cesarean section rates were observed as remarkably increased.

AimTo examine the intra‐ and inter‐observer variability for non‐benign thyroid cytological subcategories according to the Bethesda classification system after the second review.MethodsBetween November 2018 and May 2019, thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsies of 381 nodules were retrospectively evaluated. Among them, 74 non‐benign (category III‐VI) thyroid biopsies, analyzed according to the Bethesda system (pathologist 1:40 vs pathologist 2:34) by two independent pathologists, were reassessed by the same pathologists and by a cytopathologist. In this observer‐blinded study, weighted Cohen's kappa was used to assess the intra‐observer agreement, and Krippendorff's alpha was used to assess the inter‐observer agreement.ResultsAt the first and second evaluations of pathologists 1 and 2, the percentage agreement was 62.5% for pathologist 1 and 58.8% for pathologist 2. The intra‐observer agreement was substantial (κ = 0.705) for pathologist 1, and moderate (κ = 0.447) for pathologist 2. In the second evaluation of pathologist 1 and 2, which was compared with the cytopathologist, the agreement percentage of pathologist 1 with the cytopathologist was 50.0%, and that of pathologist 2 was 56.8%. The inter‐observer agreement was below the lowest acceptable limit for an overall agreement (α = 0.634) among the three raters. The inter‐observer agreement was only acceptable between the cytopathologist and the second pathologist, while it was low between the other raters. In the evaluation of the non‐benign nodules, the mean category score of the cytopathologist was 3.22 and lower than both pathologists (3.73 and 3.58, respectively).ConclusionsThe intra‐observer agreement of pathologists was moderate‐to‐substantial in the evaluation of non‐benign thyroid biopsies according to the Bethesda reporting system. However, the inter‐observer agreement was below the lowest acceptable limit when the cytopathologist was taken as a reference.

Background: Left renal vein (LRV) variations occur in 0.8%-10.2% of the population.The most common LRV variations are retroaortic left renal vein (RLRV) and circumaortic left renal vein (CLRV). The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of LRV variations in a large series on computed tomography (CT) and to investigate the association between LRV and malignancy development. examination of 12,341 (5,505 female, 6,836 male) patients was evaluated retrospectively in this study. Patients clinical and demographic data were recorded using the Hospital Information System.Results: LRV variations were detected in 314 (2.54%) of the 12,341 patients within the study. Of the 314 cases found to have LRV variations, 227 (1.84%) had RLRV, and 87 (0.70%) had CLRV. There was no statistical difference in total LRV variations (p = .083) and CLRV variation (p = .96) groups in terms of gender. However, the RLRV variation was found to be 1.32 times higher in males than in females (p = .039). Of the 314 patients with LRV variations, 73 (23.2%) had any sort of concomitant malignancy. Conclusions:A high incidence of malignancy was detected in patients with LRV variations. Of the LRV variations, RLRV variation is more common than CLRV variation. The presence of total LRV variations and CLRV variations is not associated with gender. Whereas the presence of RLRV variation is more common in the male gender.