Little experimental research has been conducted on preventive interventions to help women understand the effects of sexism and their past sex role socialization. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of a 4-week workshop designed to enhance the awareness of college women (N = 60) about sex role and career factors and to expand their current sex role attitude's and self-concepts. During the workshop, portions of a 28-minute color videotape were presented to subjects and discussed each week in small groups. The videotape presentation is a direct application of a model depicting factors affecting both sex role socialization and career decision-making processes. Treatment effects were assessed by means of'five career and sex role instruments in a pretest-posttest control-group design. Results indicated that treatment subjects spent more time thinking about their career planning, described themselves as being more masculine, and reported investigative, social, and enterprising careers as being more appropriate career choices than control group subjects. The workshop expanded women's masculine sex role self-concepts and changed their attitudes about the appropriateness of two stereotypic masculine career areas (investigative and enterprising). Future research is recommended to assess the effects of interventions to reduce sexism and past sex role socialization in career decision making.Sexism and the effects of sex role social-the special problems of counseling women, ization on personal and career development and recently one issue has focused on sex have been important issues for counseling roles and counseling men (Skovholt, Gorpsychologists for the last 7 years (American mally, Schauble, & Davis, 1978).
Here is her notebook, neatly kept Hand-written entries, all correct, Doctors dates are duly noted, Specimens, tests: results are quoted-Interspersed with presentations, Lecture notes, speaking engagements, Then checks for lumps in groin and breast, Medication and surgery next, Pulses taken, medicine changed, Lymphoma diagnosis named, Now crystal words, distilled in pain, Pure verse flowed on, and death became-Part of life, as she was dying, "Growth 'till death!" (No time for crying.)
Norma S. Gilbert Counseling and Mental Health University of the District of Columbia'Things Just Are, They Just Are Kurpius, D. Consultation theory and process: An integrated model.Principles concerning the counseling-therapy of women. Counseling Psychologist, 1978, 7, 74-76.
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