No abstract

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to compare indicating intervessel heterogeneity in maturation. (Pediatr the pharmacological characteristics and actomyosin conRes 21: 152-158, 1987) tent of arterial and venous tissue at different times during Abbreviations development. Rings of arteries (femoral, renal, carotid, pulmonary) and veins (saphenous, pulmonary, jugular) PSS, physiological salt solution were obtained from 1 wk, 1 month, and adult dogs, mounted li, initial length at their optimal length for force development and the KCl, potassium chloride contractile response to potassium chloride and phenyleph-L, optimal length rine determined. The strain at optimal length was less at PE, phenylephrine all ages in pulmonary artery and pulmonary and jugular ED50, concentration that produces half maximum response veins than in other vessels. All vessels exhibited an in-SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate crease in maximum contractile response with development but the increase was greater for phenylephrine. In general, the magnitude of the maximum response of the jugular and pulmonary veins and pulmonary artery was less than other vessels at all ages. The sensitivity (half maximum reIt has been demonstrated by several investigators (1-5) that sponse) either increased or was unchanged in arteries with the mechanical responsiveness of arterial tissue to constrictor development, while in the veins it either decreased or was and dilator agents changes during the development of the animal unchanged. The relaxant effects of verapamil and isopro-(for more complete reviews see References 6 and 7). In general, terenol were determined on potassium chloride contracted the maximum response to constrictor agents increases while the vessels. Arterial tissue was minimally responsive to isopro-sensitivity (ED50) either does not change or increases. The terenol at all ages while venous tissue either increased its particular alteration in sensitivity observed may depend on the responsiveness (saphenous, pulmonary) with development constrictor agent used, the age range studied, or the animal or remained highly responsive (jugular). Verapamil, unlike species from which the vessel was obtained. Work from this isoproterenol, was an effective relaxant of all vessels. The laboratory (8) suggests that the increase in maximum contractile actomyosin content (mglmm) of femoral and renal arteries response that occurs in developing rat aorta between the ages of and saphenous and jugular veins increased with develop-1 and 2 months can be explained in part by an increase in the ment but this increase was accompanied by a parallel actomyosin content of the vessel; however, changes in maximum increase in total protein so that the ratio (actomyosinltotal contractile response occumng earlier (5) or later (8) are not due protein) was unchanged. In jugular veins from adult dogs to changes in contractile protein content. this ratio was smaller than in arterial tissue. In general, itThe response to vasodilator agents that operate via the P can be concluded th...

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, genetic disease posing reproductive health concerns to affected women, such as high-risk pregnancies and medication interactions leading to contraceptive failure. Reproductive health counseling in this population is of the utmost importance, but barriers to providing it include lack of time, knowledge, and provider discomfort. We sought to evaluate reproductive health counseling and contraceptive use in female adolescent CF patients. Methods: An Institutional Review Board approved retrospective chart review was performed between March 2008 and March 2018. Females 10-21 years old with the diagnosis of CF were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Thirty-three patients met inclusion criteria: 16 non-sexually active and 17 sexually active. Thirteen patients were counseled about pregnancy risks. All sexually active patients used contraception, with the most common being condoms and combined oral contraceptive pills. Six pregnancies occurred, resulting in five live births and one termination.Conclusions: Less than half of patients were counseled about pregnancy and contraception, and most patients chose high failure methods. Female adolescents with CF should be routinely screened for sexual activity, offered long-acting reversible contraception, and counseled on the effects of CF on pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to determine if shorter intravenous (IV) antibiotic (<7 days) for nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia (NTS-B) is noninferior to longer (≥7 days) in terms of 30-day emergency department (ER) or rehospitalization in healthy children. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of otherwise healthy children admitted to a children’s hospital in the United States from 2006 to 2017 with NTS-B was conducted. RESULTS: Of 231 patients reviewed, 51 patients had NTS-B. Median IV duration for all patients was 5 days (range 2–17 days). The short-duration group (SDG) (<7 days; N = 32) had a median of 4 days (range 2–6 days) of IV antibiotics versus a median of 9 days (range 7–17 days) in the long-duration group (LDG) (≥7 days; N = 19). The hospital length of stay in the SDG was 3.5 days versus 7 days in the LDG (P < .001). The SDG was significantly noninferior to the LDG in terms of ER visits or hospital readmissions within 30 days (absolute risk difference 5.3%; 95% confidence interval −16% to −5%), with only 1 child in the LDG returning to the ER. CONCLUSIONS: IV antibiotic durations for NTS-B in otherwise healthy children were variable within our study group. Shorter courses (<7 days) of IV antibiotics were noninferior to longer courses in healthy children and reduced hospital stay. ER visits and readmissions were rare, and there was no association between IV treatment duration and risk of relapse. Prospective studies are needed to study the safety of shorter courses, but given the absence of evidence favoring longer courses, shorter courses can be considered.