Exposure to critical incidents and hence potentially traumatic events is endemic in law enforcement. The study of law enforcement officers' experience of moral injury and their exposure to potentially morally injurious incidents, and research on moral injury's relationship with different forms of traumatization (e.g. compassion fatigue, posttraumatic stress disorder) are in their infancy. The present study aims to build on prior research and explores the role of moral injury in predicting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its clusters thereof. To this end, a sample of law enforcement officers (N = 370) from the National Police of Finland was recruited to participate in the current study. Results showed that moral injury significantly predicted PTSD as well as its diagnostic clusters (i.e., avoidance, hyperarousal, re-experiencing). The aforementioned role of moral injury to significantly predict PTSD and its clusters were unequivocal even when compassion fatigue was incorporated into the path model. Clinical, research, and law enforcement practice implications are discussed.
Police officer suicide rates hit an all-time high in the province of Ontario, Canada, in 2018. Sadly, this statistic is somewhat unsurprising, as research has shown that police officers suffer from higher rates of mental health disorder diagnoses compared to the general public. One key reason for the elevated levels of suicide and other mental health issues among police officers is believed to stem from the stigma associated with seeking help. In an attempt to address these serious issues, Ontario's police services have begun to create internal peer support programs as a way of supporting their members. The present research explores the experiences of police officers serving as peer-support team members, particularly with regards to the impacts of peer support. In addition, this research also examines the importance of discussing shared experiences regarding a lack of standardized procedures for the administration and implementation of peer support in relation to the Policy Feedback Theory. The Policy Feedback Theory (PFT) posits that, when a policy becomes established and resources are devoted to programs, it helps structure current activity. This study utilized a phenomenological, qualitative approach, with data collection consisting of face-to-face interviews with nine police officers serving on the York Regional Police's peer-support team. The findings revealed that peer support is more than just a "conversation"; rather, it suggests to contribute to enhancing mental health literacy among police officers, and it significantly contributes to stigma reduction. The findings also revealed that internal policy demonstrated an organizational commitment to mental health and peer-support, and that a provincial standard is necessary to ensure best practices and risk management in the creation and maintenance of peer-support programs.
Mental health issues, and more specifically suicide, within the policing community have been a growing concern in recent years. In 2018 alone, there were nine suicides among active and retired police officers in the province of Ontario. At the time, nine suicides in one year were shocking and began to raise focused awareness of mental health challenges facing the profession. In 2021, the Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor General created Mental Health Collaborative Tables comprised of key stakeholders, subject matter experts, public safety personnel (PSP) with lived experience, mental health clinicians, and researchers. The Mental Health Secretariat (MHS) is responsible for supporting the tables. The MHS is accountable to the Deputy Solicitor General and has a mandate to provide a provincial action plan to address mental health issues among PSP. This article explains key observations regarding Ontario’s innovative approach to improving mental health supports for PSP and describes the perspective offered by Karen Prokopec, Manager, MHS at Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor General, and her colleague, Zarsanga Popal, Senior Performance Measurement and Evaluation Specialist with the MHS, on the establishment of the MHS.
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