Background and Objectives. Multiple antibacterial agents have been mixed and used as an intracanal medicament-like modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of EF bacteria and at comparing its antimicrobial efficacy with MTAP. Materials and Methods. Three strains of EF (S1, S2, and S3) were clinically isolated. A total of 198 straight single-rooted human teeth were collected and divided randomly into three main groups: group N (Nit) (n=90), group M (MTAP) (n=90), and group W (distilled water) (n=18). The main groups were subdivided into three subgroups according to the strain of EF: in groups N and M, subgroups S1, S2, and S3 (n=30), while in group W, subgroups S1, S2, and S3 (n=6). Then, each subgroup of N and M was divided into five groups (n=6) according to the concentrations of Nit or MTAP (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL). The colony-forming unit (CFU) of EF from the canal lumen and dentinal chips was measured. Results. Nit could eradicate S1, S2, and S3 completely with concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/mL, respectively, while MTAP showed complete eradication of the three strains only at 25 mg/mL. In all the groups, it was found that the CFU counts of EF in the dentinal chips were higher than those in the root canal lumen. Conclusion. At the concentration of 25 mg/mL, the Nit paste is effective in eradicating EF completely when it is used as an intracanal medicament.
Background: There has been considerable controversy concern ing the health risks and benefits of utilizing mercurycontaining amalgam. Across the developing countries, a reduction in the use of dental amalgam in oral health care provision is expected.Purpose: Assessment of dentists' and patient's attitude of dental amalgam regarding attractiveness, perceived health, and treatment preferences in Kurdistan, Iraq. Materials and Methods:A 4page questionnaire comprised two parts, specific for dentist and patient were structured and delivered to each dentist oneself. Both openended and close ended questions about the treatment needs of patients, uses of amalgam and its alternative, the properties and usefulness of different materials. Patient's acceptance was assessed by means of structured questionnaire prepared based on commonly asked questions from routinely daily practice. Questions on the type of filling material in their mouth, previous knowledge of mercury in dental amalgam and disappointment due to mercury hazard and toxicity. They were to indicate their acceptance with filling their cavities by dental amalgam with or without prior information about its mercury content. This part was also accomplished by the dentists participated in this survey.Results: Out of 185 dentists shared, only 39 (21.1%) indicated that amalgam presents no harm for the dentists and patients. While majority of dentists 85 (45.9%) were uncertain about this issue. Amalgam was selected most often 107 (57.8%) as the material of choice for restoring posterior teeth. About 94(50.8%) and 85(45.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photoactive-dye (5-aminolevulinic acid) in inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus by using different light emitting diode wavelengths (Red light 635 nm and Blue light 440 nm). The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined by using 96-well plate in a dark room. The result of the study exhibited that both types of bacteria were inactivated but at different concentration, the S. mutans was inhibeted at 64.5 mM whereas, the S. sobrinus show inhibition at 32.25 mM, both types of light were capable to activating the 5-aminolevulinic acid and lead to significant reduction in Mutans Streptococci and Sobrinus Streptococci. But the Mutans Streptococci need more concentration to be in activated this may be due to the type of bacterial gene.In the researches, a photoactive dye, called a photosensitizer, is taken up into cells and is irradiated with light of an appropriate wavelength. This may result in cell death through the production of active oxygen species [13].
An in vitro study was carried out to compare the apical leakage of root canals obturated with different techniques: Nd:YAG laser softened gutta-percha, cold lateral condensation and warm vertical condensation, and to evaluate the leakage of root fillings. Sixty human premolars (with single patent canal) were submitted to instrumentation by means of the step-back technique. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups according to the obturation technique. The first group (n=20) was obturated by Nd:YAG laser softened gutta-percha, the second group (n=20) by cold lateral condensation and the third group (n=20) was obturated using the warm vertical condensation. Each group was divided into two equal subgroups depending on the type of sealer (AH 26® or Dorifill). Afterwards teeth received an impermeable coating on the external surfaces of the crown and root (except for the area nearby the apical foramen). After obturation, the access cavities were sealed and the teeth were immersed in aqueous 1% methylene blue dye for 7 days at 37ºC. After that, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned and the apical leakage was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The warm vertical condensation presented the best apical sealing ability, followed by Nd:YAG laser and the lateral condensation technique. The statistical analysis of the apical leakage values showed no statistically significant differences between AH ®26 and Dorifill in leakage rate.
Background Coronal restorations having an effect on the outcome of root canal treatment. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare sealing ability of three cement base materials with and without cavity varnish in the orifice of root canal systems after root-canal treatment. Methods The palatal root of extracted human maxillary first molar teeth were selected, after preparation and obturation three millimeters of coronal gutta-percha were removed from the coronal aspect of the root canal and divided randomly into six groups (6 roots each). Root canal orifices were restored with conventional glass ionomer cement, zinc polycarboxylate cement and zinc phosphate cement bases with and without cavity varnish. All the specimens were thermocycled for 100 cycles at 7°C – 55°C for 60 sec in each bath. They were immersed in the 1% methylene blue solution for 7 days, and then sectioned into longitudinal sections. The extent of dye penetration was measured using stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed statistically. Results All the materials leaked at the interface of restorative material-dentin wall. Glass ionomer cement with varnish sealed significantly better than the other groups. Conclusion Placement of a suitable intra-orifice barrier, like conventional glass ionomer cement with a layer of copalite cavity varnish over it, may help minimize coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth.
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