It has become obligatory for businesses to carry out recycling activities in the face of increasing environmental pollution and the danger of depletion of natural resources. The waste collection phase of the recycling process requires interactive transportation that uses a reverse logistics flow from customers to recycling facilities. Businesses need to create appropriate network structures to carry out these activities at minimum cost. This study has developed a model, based on reverse logistics, of collecting products from customers and sending them to warehouses and then to recycling facilities. The chance-constrained programming (CCP) approach was used to regulate the constraints involving stochastic demand in the model. Linearization was performed using the linear approximation method. The cost of transportation from Initial Collection Points (ICP) warehouses to recycling facilities is the most influential component on the objective function. This linearized model was solved by creating different scenarios by changing the standard deviation ratio, reliability level, and warehouse capacities within the scope of sensitivity analysis. In the sensitivity analysis, it was determined that the increase in confidence level and variance negatively affected the objective function. In addition, it has been concluded that the increase in demand has no effect on costs as long as the capacity of the facility is not exceeded.
ÖzKüreselleşen dünyada, artan nüfus ile beraber tüketimin artması, uluslararası ticaret üzerinde de artışa sebep olmaktadır. Uluslararası ticaretin etkisiyle beraber denizyolu taşımacılığının da önemi giderek artmaktadır. Denizyolu taşımacılığının en önemli bölümünü ise konteyner taşımacılığı oluşturmaktadır. Konteyner taşımacılığının daha etkin bir şekilde yapılmasını sağlayabilmek için limanların verimliliğini arttırmak gerekmektedir. Liman yönetimlerinde farklı ülkelerde farklı stratejiler uygulanmasına karşın, hepsinin ortak amacı limanlardaki etkinliğin ve verimliliğin arttırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde yer alan konteyner limanlarının etkinlik durumları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada limanların verimliliğini belirleyebilmek için gerekli olan girdi ve çıktı değişkenleri belirlenmiş, devamında ise Hicks-Moorsteen ve Malmquist yöntemleri kullanılarak limanların verimlilikleri hesaplanmış ve etkinliği en yüksek olan limanlar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca limanlardaki yıllara göre verimlilik değişimleri tespit edilmiştir. Hesaplamalar sonucunda elde edilen sonuçlar dikkate alınarak iki endeks karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde ise her iki yöntem sonucunda elde edilen verimlilik analizlerinde ciddi benzerlikler olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Verimliliği düşük olan limanların ise etkinliğini arttırmak için yapılması gerekenler hakkında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Developing technology and population growth increase energy demand. The limited natural resources and their negative environmental effects increase the interest in alternative energy sources. The decrease in oil resources and the environmental problems caused by these resources have increased the studies for electric vehicles. This study presents descriptive statistics on the charging station locations for electric vehicles and relationships between studies by author, country, citation, and occurrence. This will provide a way for researchers to obtain detailed information about their studies into the locations of electric vehicle charging stations. This study examined 212 studies in the “Web of Science” database from 2011 to 2022. Network analysis was conducted in this research using the Vosviewer and R software. In this context, descriptive statistics are first provided. In the section on descriptive statistics, basic facts about the studies are shown along with the annual scientific output, the most productive countries, the total number of citations per country, country collaboration, the most productive countries and authors, and the total number of citations per country. Since the second half of 2010, there has been an increasing trend in the number of publications on the positioning of electric vehicle charging stations. It is seen that most of the studies on the positioning of electric vehicle charging stations were also carried out in China, India and the USA. The analyses of document co-occurrence, bibliographic coupling, and co-citation are presented in the second section. It has been observed that the most frequently used keywords in studies related to the location of electric vehicle charging stations are optimization, sustainability and distribution systems.
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