Tumours in the iris and the ciliary body led previously in many cases to excision of the eye. In recent years a more conservative treatment has been developed for tumours in the anterior part of the uvea, particularly when the tumour is situated in the last eye. Iris tumours have acquired a special position, since it has become clear that melanomas of the iris of a pathologicanatomically malignant type often run a benignant course and metastasize late or not at all. (5,7,20). I t is Stallard (21-25) and who have most experience of a radical surgery of intraocular tumours. This surgery is of great interest at present and there have been many reports, mainly describing individual cases (1-6, 10, 12-15, 26).In Lund we have since 1963 operated a series of intraocular tumours, mainly following the methods of Stallard and Miiller et al. The material is small and the observation time has been short. In this paper the stepwise development of the operative technique in our clinic will be outlined and our experience of the operative technique used up till now will be stated, together with the immediate postoperative course.The material consists of 13 cases, operated upon in ages between 20 and 74. (Fig. 1) Four cases were at the primary clinical examination thought to be limited benignant melanomas. At the pathological examination one of them was diagnosed as unspecific inflammation. The other 3 were benignant melanomas. Of these last 3 cmes one (case 2) recurred as a malignant melanoma and excision of the eye was necessary. The other 9 cases were clinically suspected to be malignant partly with ingrowth into the chamber angle and flattening of the tumour against the posterior surface of the cornea. Two of these cases were pathologic-anatomically apparently benignant, while the other 7 were malignant melanomas from different cell types.The development of the surgical technique and its indications are marked by the following stages: 521
The introduction of micromachinery and small-scale processing enables a new level of integration in satellite systems, where the complete chain, from individual dies to system level is miniaturized. Ångström Aerospace Corporation has been developing this concept, starting on the component packaging level, aiming for a step-by-step introduction of a whole new standardized and modular satellite system, the MicroLink concept. Three modules are under development, a general interface module (CSIM), a compact mass memory module (MM) and a magnetotorquer control module (M-ACS). The high packing density is achieved by creating multi-chip-modules, based on silicon substrates, MCM-S. By using silicon as carrier material, many advantages are obtained including the reduction of thermal stresses between the silicon based die and the packaging surrounding it. The mass of the systems decrease remarkable, and further increase in functionality at this miniaturization level does not increase mass, only system complexity. The mass of the modules are estimated to be less then 100 grams, including a load-carrying frame structure.Reducing the mass of systems with one to two magnitudes can improve existing mission concepts, but also enable new types of missions, only viable with a low mass high performance spacecraft.
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