This work deals with the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of a hospital wastewater that is directly discharged in water bodies without treatment. Our focus was paid on the teaching hospital of Treichville (Cote d'Ivoire). For the purpose, various physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand for five days (BOD 5), salinity, and total suspended solids have been assessed. For the microbiological investigations, the parameters consisting in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and total coliforms have been assessed. From the analysis, it has been found that the wastewaters of the teaching hospital of Treichville are highly loaded in organic pollutants and in pathogens bacteria. The values of nitrate, dissolved oxygen demand, COD, BOD 5 and biological parameters do not respect the international (WHO) values recommended for the water to be discharged in the environment. The ratio COD/BOD 5 has been determined to vary between 1.25 and 2.80. The results showed that the studied wastewater is a domestic type wastewater composed either by mostly biodegradable pollutants or a mixture of biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic pollutants. These wastewaters constitute therefore a risk for the populations since they are discharged in water bodies without any treatment and used by communities.
Biological treatment, due to its low installation cost, is widely used for wastewater treatment. However, this treatment remains ineffective for the oxidation of so-called emerging molecules. To solve this environmental problem, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) combine with Biological treatment for rapid, efficient and cost-effective purification of wastewater. This combination used in this work, allowed a total mineralization of a real wastewater solution from the teaching hospital of Treichville named CHU of Treichville in Abidjan (CHUT), both in terms of organic and microbiological pollutants. Real wastewater from the CHUT underwent a Biological treatment for 28 days via the Zahn-Wellens methods which made it possible to have a reduction rate of the chemical oxygen demand of more than 90% of biologically active organic pollutants. The biologically treated wastewater was doped with ceftriaxone (CTX) to simulate a situation of wastewater containing a recalcitrant compound after Biological treatment. Subsequently, the doped solution underwent treatment with different AOPs (UV / H2O2, Fe2+ / H2O2 and UV / Fe2+ / H2O2). This combination resulted in a COD reduction rate of over to be higher 98% and total inactivation of microbiological germs.
Ultrasonicated Membrane Anaerobic System UMAS was successfully used for sewage sludge treatment and biogas production. Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology were used to determine the optimum conditions in which UMAS produce a maximum content of methane in the biogas produced. The effects of three variables namely pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic loading rate (OLR) on methane content were evaluated individually and interactively. The optimum conditions obtained were pH 7.74, COD 1061.06 Mg/l and OLR 0.90 kg/m 3 d. The predicted maximum percentage of methane was 89.72 % and confirmed close to RSM result.
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