In many countries, questions have been raised about the use of evidence‐based practice (EBP) in oral health care. The call for an increase in EBP seems to face many obstacles. Only limited empirical studies address these obstacles. We present a qualitative study that explores the obstacles that Flemish (Belgian, Dutch‐speaking) dentists experience in the implementation of EBP in routine clinical work. We collected data from discussions in focus groups. Seventy‐nine dentists participated. The data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Three major categories of obstacles were identified. These categories relate to obstacles in 1) evidence, 2) partners in health care (medical doctors, patients, and government), and 3) the field of dentistry. Our findings suggest that educators should provide communication skills to aid decision making, address the technical dimensions of dentistry, promote lifelong learning, and close the gap between academics and general practitioners (dentists) in order to create mutual understanding. The obstacles identified are considered useful to support future quantitative research that can be generalized to a broader group.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Wastewater surveillance plays an important role in the management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic all over the world. Using different wastewater collection points in Leuven, we wanted to investigate the use of wastewater surveillance as an early warning system for an uprise of infections and as a tool to follow the circulation of specific variants of concern (VOCs) in particular geographic areas. Wastewater samples were collected from local neighborhood sewers and from a large regional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the area of Leuven, Belgium. After virus concentration, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA was quantified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and normalized with the human fecal indicator pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). A combination of multiplex RT‐qPCR assays was used to detect signature mutations of circulating VOCs. Fecal virus shedding of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants was measured in feces samples of hospitalized patients. In two residential sampling sites, a rise in wastewater SARS‐CoV‐2 concentration preceded peaks in positive cases. In the WWTP, viral load peaks were seen concomitant with the consecutive waves of positive cases caused by the original Wuhan SARS‐CoV‐2 strain and subsequent VOCs. During the Omicron BA.1 wave, the wastewater viral load increased to a lesser degree, even after normalization of SARS‐CoV‐2 concentration using PMMoV. This might be attributable to a lower level of fecal excretion of this variant. Circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs Alpha, Delta, Omicron BA1/BA.2, and BA.4/BA.5 could be detected based on the presence of specific key mutations. The shift in variants was noticeable in the wastewater, with key mutations of two different variants being present simultaneously during the transition period. Wastewater‐based surveillance is a sensitive tool to monitor SARS‐CoV‐2 circulation levels and VOCs in larger regions. In times of reduced test capacity, this can prove to be highly valuable. Differences in excretion levels of various SARS‐CoV‐2 variants should however be taken into account when using wastewater surveillance to monitor SARS‐CoV‐2 circulation levels in the population.

We found no difference between the oral and the written versions of the CAGE. This is important because most research results originate from written questionnaires. Our results do not support the finding that a different approach to the CAGE questions results in an increasing number of patients in which alcohol problems were detected.

No abstract

No abstract