OpenModelica is a unique large-scale integrated open-source Modelica-and FMI-based modeling, simulation, optimization, model-based analysis and development environment. Moreover, the OpenModelica environment provides a number of facilities such as debugging; optimization; visualization and 3D animation; web-based model editing and simulation; scripting from Modelica, Python, Julia, and Matlab; efficient simulation and co-simulation of FMI-based models; compilation for embedded systems; Modelica-UML integration; requirement verification; and generation of parallel code for multi-core architectures. The environment is based on the equation-based object-oriented Modelica language and currently uses the MetaModelica extended version of Modelica for its model compiler implementation. This overview paper gives an up-to-date description of the capabilities of the system, short overviews of used open source symbolic and numeric algorithms with pointers to published literature, tool integration aspects, some lessons learned, and the main vision behind its development.

Free oxygen effects in bio-gasification are not well known, apart from the common understanding of oxygen being toxic and inhibitory for anaerobic micro-organisms. Some studies have, however, revealed increased solubilisation of organic matter in the presence of some free oxygen in anaerobic digestion. This article analyses these counterbalancing phenomena with a mathematical modelling approach using the widely accepted biochemical model ADM 1. Aerobic oxidation of soluble carbon and inhibition of obligatory anaerobic organisms are modelled using standard saturation type kinetics. Biomass dependent first order hydrolysis kinetics is used to relate the increased hydrolysis rate with oxygen induced increase in biomass growth. The amended model, ADM 1-Ox (oxygen), has 25 state variables and 22 biochemical processes, presented in matrix form. The computer aided simulation tool AQUASIM 2.1 is used to simulate the developed model. Simulation predictions are evaluated against experimental data obtained using a laboratory batch test array comprising miniature anaerobic bio-reactors of 100 ml total volume each, operated under different initial air headspaces giving rise to the different oxygen loading conditions. The reactors were initially fed with a glucose solution and incubated at 35 for 563 hours. Under the oxygen load conditions of 22, 44 and 88 mg /L, the ADM1-Ox model simulations predicted the experimental methane potentials quite adequately. Both the experimental data and the simulations suggest a linear reduction of methane potential with respect to the increase in oxygen load within this range.

OpenModelica is currently the most complete opensource Modelica-and FMI-based modeling, simulation, optimization, and model-based development environment. Moreover, the OpenModelica environment provides a number of facilities such as debugging; optimization; visualization and 3D animation; web-based model editing and simulation; scripting from Modelica, Python, Julia, and Matlab; efficient simulation and co-simulation of FMI-based models; compilation for embedded systems; Modelica-UML integration; requirement verification; and generation of parallel code for multi-ore architectures. The environment is based on Modelica and uses an extended version of Modelica for its implementation. This overview paper intends to give an up-to-date brief description of the capabilities of the system, and the main vision behind its development.

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A modification of the PI setting of the Ziegler-Nichols closed loop tuning method is proposed. The modification is based on a combination of the Skogestad SIMC tuning formulas for "integrator plus time-delay" processes with the Ziegler-Nichols tuning formulas assuming that the process is modeled as an "integrator plus time-delay" process. The resulting PI settings provide improved stability margins compared with those obtained with the original Ziegler-Nichols PI settings. Compared with the well-known TyreusLuyben PI settings, the proposed PI settings give improved disturbance compensation. For processes with zero or a negligible time-delay, but with some lags in the form of time-constants, tuning based on ultimate gain and ultimate period may give poor results. Successful PI settings for such processes are proposed.

A considerable future increase in the global energy use is expected, and the effects of energy conversion on the climate are already observed. Future energy conversion should thus be based on resources that have negligible climate effects; solar energy is perhaps the most important of such resources.The presented work builds on a previous complete model for solar heating of a house; here the aim to introduce ventilation heat recovery and improve on the hot water storage model. Ventilation heat recovery reduces the heat loss due to ventilation, as expected. Here, a recovery efficiency of 0:5 is used, although a more realistic number is perhaps 0:7. The improved hot water storage model increases the exergy of the storage tank by assuming a vertical temperature distribution. Further improvements are possible by introducing a simple thermocline tracking algorithm, effectively allowing for variable volumes of the temperature zones in the hot water storage tank. Currently, the model does not allow for very good temperature control; this is due to a lack of freedom in the control inputs.

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