Obesity is a modifiable risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with the prevalence of both increasing worldwide. This trend is associated with increasing mortality, cardiovascular risk and healthcare costs. An individual's weight will be determined by complex physiological, psychological and societal factors. Assessment by a skilled multidisciplinary team will help identify these factors and will also support screening for secondary causes, assessing cardiovascular risk and identifying sequelae of obesity. A range of treatment options are available for people with obesity and T2DM, including low-calorie diets, medications and bariatric surgery. People should be carefully counselled and personalised care plans developed. Bariatric surgery is an under-utilised resource in this context.Obesity should also be considered when choosing medical therapy for T2DM. Common diabetes medications may lead to weight gain whereas others (such as glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors) support weight loss.Bariatric surgery improves obesity-related complications and all-cause mortality. Diabetes remission is possible after surgery and is recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in individuals with a body mass index of >35 kg/m 2 and recent onset T2DM. Pathophysiology of obesity and T2DMThe mechanisms linking obesity and T2DM are complex and still being understood, but likely involve a combination of: > adipose tissue release of excess circulating fatty acids, glycerol, hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines, impairing cellular insulin signalling and increasing insulin resistance 5 > chronically raised lipid levels leading to impaired islet beta-cell function and lower levels of insulin production. 6An approach to the patient with obesity and diabetesAn individual with T2DM and obesity may present to a range of specialties. Typically, recurrent patterns of dieting and weight
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.