Zusammenfassung:
Die Prekarisierungstheorie ist ein soziologischer Erklärungsansatz zur Genese sozialer Exklusion in modernen Lohnarbeitsgesellschaften und beschreibt die soziale Ausgrenzung als dynamischen und graduellen Prozess. Entscheidend für die Einbindung des Individuums in die Gesellschaft ist die soziale Positionierung auf den Integrationsachsen der Erwerbsarbeit und des sozialen Lebensumfeldes. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Erklärungsmuster der Prekarisierungstheorie auf das Forschungsfeld der Teilhabeforschung übertragen und auf die soziale Lage der Menschen mit Behinderung in Deutschland bezogen. Darüber hinaus werden Grenzen der Übertragbarkeit aufgezeigt und Bezugspunkte für die empirische Teilhabeforschung hergestellt. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die inhaltlichen Grundlagen für die Untersuchung der in verschiedenen Gesellschaftsbereichen oftmals eingeschränkten Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderung zu erweitern.
Abstract: The social situation of persons with disabilities in the perspective of the theory on precariousness – new ideas for the participatory research in Germany
The theory on precariousness is a sociological approach to describe the occurrence of social exclusion in modern industrialized societies. It captures the phenomenon of social exclusion as a dynamic and gradual process. Accordingly, integration into society depends above all on the individuals’ social positioning in the societal areas of employment and one’s social environment. In this article, the explanatory approach will be adapted to the field of participatory research and the social situation of persons with disabilities. Moreover, limitations of the transfer are outlined and reference points for the empirical investigation in the field of participatory research are established. This contribution aims to broaden the theoretical foundation for empirically oriented research of the often limited participation of persons with disabilities in society.
The foreseeable advent of conditionally automated cars (CACs) at SAE Level 3 opens a range of opportunities along with numerous questions that must be addressed to safely adopt this new vehicle technology. While public acceptance and the acceptance of potential users have already been intensively researched, this study investigates the acceptance of CACs from the point of view of different road user groups, such as pedestrians, cyclists and riders of powered two-wheelers (PTWs) as so-called vulnerable road users (VRUs), as well as the drivers of conventional cars. The study measures a priori road user acceptance of CACs using an international population survey that was conducted within the framework of the EU-funded project ‘BRidging gaps for the adoption of Automated Vehicles’ (BRAVE) in the participating countries France, Germany, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden as well as in Australia and the USA. Including 5,827 respondents, the study findings disclose a rather positive acceptance of CACs from the perspective of different road user groups. However, concerns are also apparent. Results from multivariate analyses indicate that the acceptance of CACs differs between road user groups in that VRUs demonstrated lower acceptance than non-automated car drivers. The role of trust in the new vehicle technology also appears to be remarkable. Consequently, future developments of CACs should also focus on communication between automated cars and bystanders (e.g. via external human-machine interfaces) to reduce uncertainties and promote trust.
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