The ionizing power of liquid SO2 is sufficient to induce reactions between acetals or SN1‐active alkyl chlorides with allylsilanes without additional Lewis acids [Eq. (a), X OCH3, R PhCH(OCH3), n‐C6H13CH(OCH3), etc.; X Cl, R Ph3C, PhMe2C, etc.]. Reactions in liquid SO2 are economical and ecologically advantageous. An additional benefit: they are extremely simple to perform!
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A newly developed method is used to compute a variety of laminar/turbulent, attached/separated flows through plane turbine or compressor cascades. The thin-layer or full Navier–Stokes equations are solved in a 2-D or quasi-2-D/quasi-3-D form taking into account variable axial velocity density ratio/cascade aspect ratio. The turbulence is modeled by the Baldwin–Lomax algebraic two-layer eddy viscosity approach. Improved mesh generation and discretization techniques are introduced. A fully implicit formulation of the flow problem is developed which ensures high stability and convergence. Numerous quantitative comparisons of viscous solutions with experiments and other existing solutions are performed to validate the method. First results on the applicability of the thin-layer assumption are included.
This paper introduces the ongoing ERC-funded project Chronologicon Hibernicum, which studies the diachronic developments of the Irish language between c. 550-950, and aims at refining the absolute chronology of these developments. It presents firstly the project organization, its subject matter and objective, then gives an overview of the potentials and challenges in studying the Early Irish language. The project combines historical linguistic analysis, corpus linguistic methods and Bayesian statistic tools. Finally the paper explains the impact of this project in preserving the Irish cultural heritage and the lessons learned in the first three years.
This article introduces Corpus PalaeoHibernicum (CorPH), a corpus currently consisting of 78 texts in Early Irish (c. 7th–10th cent.) created by the ERC-funded Chronologicon Hibernicum (ChronHib) project by bringing together pre-existing lexical and syntactic databases and adding further crucial texts from the period. In addition to being annotated for POS, morphological and syntactic information, another layer of annotation has been developed for CorPH – ‘Variation Tagging’, i.e. a tagset that numerically encodes synchronic language variation during the Early Irish period, thus allowing for much improved research on the chronological variation among the material. Another new pillar of studying linguistic variation is Bayesian Language Variation Analysis (BLaVA), in order to address the challenge that “not-so-big data” poses to statistical corpus methods. Instead of reflecting feature frequencies, BLaVA models language variation as probabilities of variation.
This study aims for a better understanding of the Celtic glossing tradition on Bede the Venerable's De natura rerum. The Latin text with Celtic vernacular glosses is found in three different manuscripts. Some glosses occur in parallel transmission with others in either another vernacular language or Latin. In this article new glossing material is published for the first time and these glosses are thoroughly analysed and compared.
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