Abstract• Key message Several aspects of the life cycle of the Périgord black truffle have been elucidated only recently, while others remain either controversial or unstudied. In this paper, we present a revised life cycle of this fungus and highlight key aspects that have yet to be addressed or require further understanding.• Context The hypogeous sporophores of several Tuber species, renowned for their aromatic and gustatory qualities, are widely commercialized. One of the most valuable species is Tuber melanosporum Vittad., the Périgord black truffle also known as "the black diamond". However, many aspects of T. melanosporum life cycle remain unsolved. • Aims In this work, we examine past and recent findings on the life cycle of T. melanosporum, currently regarded as a model system for Tuber species, with the view of highlighting aspects of its life cycle which remain unsolved.• Results Several aspects of its life cycle have recently been elucidated (i.e. characterization of two mating type genes, heterothallism, prevalence of sexual reproduction on vegetative propagation, exclusion of one mating type by its opposite on ectomycorrhizas, dependency of ascocarps on their host for carbon allocation), while others remain unaddressed.
Introduction Atmospheric deposition is an important input of major nutrients into forest ecosystems. The long-term goal of this work was to apply stable isotope methodology to assess atmospheric nutrient deposition in forest systems.• Materials and methods A labelling experiment of foliage with stable isotopes of primary and secondary macro nutrients ( 15 N, 26 Mg and 42 Ca injected into the stem sapwood) was carried on standing trees to monitor interactions between canopy and precipitations. 15 N rapidly reached the foliage; however, Mg and Ca were not detected in foliage until more than a year after injection.• Results and discussion The delay in mobilization of Mg and Ca prevented us from accurately modelling deposition contributions of these two elements. Nonetheless, an upscaling approach based on published results on Ca transport in shoots xylem was used to simulate our results.
The infrastructure for Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems (AnaEE-France) is an integrated network of the major French experimental, analytical, and modeling platforms dedicated to the biological study of continental ecosystems (aquatic and terrestrial). This infrastructure aims at understanding and predicting ecosystem dynamics under global change. AnaEE-France comprises complementary nodes offering access to the best experimental facilities and associated biological resources and data: Ecotrons, seminatural experimental platforms to manipulate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, in natura sites equipped for large-scale and long-term experiments. AnaEE-France also provides shared instruments and analytical platforms dedicated to environmental (micro) biology. Finally, AnaEE-France provides users with data bases and modeling tools designed to represent ecosystem dynamics and to go further in coupling ecological, agronomical, and evolutionary approaches. In particular, AnaEE-France offers adequate services to tackle the new challenges of research in ecotoxicology, positioning its various types of platforms in an ecologically advanced ecotoxicology approach. AnaEE-France is a leading international infrastructure, and it is pioneering the construction of AnaEE (Europe) infrastructure in the field of ecosystem research. AnaEE-France infrastructure is already open to the international community of scientists in the field of continental ecotoxicology.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.