In this paper, we describe the design considerations and implementation of a smart toy system, a technology for supporting the automatic recording and analysis for detecting developmental delays recognition when children play using the smart toy. To achieve this goal, we take advantage of the current commercial sensor features (reliability, low consumption, easy integration, etc.) to develop a series of sensor-based low-cost devices. Specifically, our prototype system consists of a tower of cubes augmented with wireless sensing capabilities and a mobile computing platform that collect the information sent from the cubes allowing the later analysis by childhood development professionals in order to verify a normal behaviour or to detect a potential disorder. This paper presents the requirements of the toy and discusses our choices in toy design, technology used, selected sensors, process to gather data from the sensors and generate information that will help in the decision-making and communication of the information to the collector system. In addition, we also describe the play activities the system supports.

Sensor networks are a concept that has become very popular in data acquisition and processing for multiple applications in different fields such as industrial, medicine, home automation, environmental detection, etc. Today, with the proliferation of small communication devices with sensors that collect environmental data, semantic Web technologies are becoming closely related with sensor networks. The linking of elements from Semantic Web technologies with sensor networks has been called Semantic Sensor Web and has among its main features the use of ontologies. One of the key challenges of using ontologies in sensor networks is to provide mechanisms to integrate and exchange knowledge from heterogeneous sources (that is, dealing with semantic heterogeneity). Ontology alignment is the process of bringing ontologies into mutual agreement by the automatic discovery of mappings between related concepts. This paper presents a system for ontology alignment in the Semantic Sensor Web which uses fuzzy logic techniques to combine similarity measures between entities of different ontologies. The proposed approach focuses on two key elements: the terminological similarity, which takes into account the linguistic and semantic information of the context of the entity's names, and the structural similarity, based on both the internal and relational structure of the concepts. This work has been validated using sensor network ontologies and the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) tests. The results show that the proposed techniques outperform previous approaches in terms of precision and recall.

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Background Pegboard tests are a powerful technique used by health and education professionals to evaluate manual dexterity and fine motor speed, both in children and adults. Using traditional pegboards in tests, the total time that, for example, a 4-year-old child needs for inserting pegs in a pegboard, with the left or right hand, can be measured. However, these measurements only allow for studying the variability among individuals, whereas no data can be obtained on the intraindividual variability in inserting and removing these pegs with one and the other hand. Objective The aim of this research was to study the intraindividual variabilities in fine manual motor skills of 2- to 3-year-old children during playing activities, using a custom designed electronic pegboard. Methods We have carried out a pilot study with 39 children, aged between 25 and 41 months. The children were observed while performing a task involving removing 10 pegs from 10 holes on one side and inserting them in 10 holes on the other side of a custom-designed sensor-based electronic pegboard, which has been built to be able to measure the times between peg insertions and removals. Results A sensor-based electronic pegboard was successfully developed, enabling the collection of single movement time data. In the piloting, a lower intraindividual variability was found in children with lower placement and removal times, confirming Adolph et al’s hypothesis. Conclusions The developed pegboard allows for studying intraindividual variability using automated wirelessly transmitted data provided by its sensors. This novel technique has been useful in studying and validating the hypothesis that children with lower movement times present lower intraindividual variability. New research is necessary to confirm these findings. Research with larger sample sizes and age ranges that include additional testing of children’s motor development level is currently in preparation.

Sobre los derechos de acceso: Permission to make digital or hard copies of this publication for internal use within NATO and for personal or educational use when for non-profi t or non-commercial purposes is granted providing that copies bear this notice and a full citation on the first page. Any other reproduction or transmission requires prior written permission by NATO CCD COE.TLS es un bloque esencial para la construcción de redes privadas. Un aspecto crítico para la seguridad de TLS es la autenticación y el intercambio de claves, que habitualmente se realiza mediante certificados. Un intercambio inseguro de claves puede conducir a un ataque de hombre en el medio (MITM). La confianza en los certificados se consigue habitualmente gracias a la utilización de una infraestructura de clave pública (PKI), que emplea autoridades de certificación (CA) de confianza para el establecimiento de cadenas de validez de certificados. En los últimos años, han surgido una serie de problemas relacionados con el uso del PKI: lo certificados pueden ser emitidos para cualquier entidad de Internet, con independencia de la posición de la CA en el árbol jerárquico. Esto implica que un ataque exitoso contra una CA tiene el potencial de permitir la generación de certificados válidos que posibilitarán la realización de ataques de hombre en el medio. No podemos descartar la posibilidad de usos malicioso de CA intermedias para llevar a cabo ataques dirigidos mediante la emisión de certificados ad-hoc, que serían extremadamente difíciles de detectar. La infraestructura PKI actual es susceptible a este tipo de ataques, por lo que se hace necesaria la creación de nuevos mecanismos para la detección y neutralización de los mismos. El IETF y otros organismos de estandarización han lanzado distintas iniciativas para posibilitar la detección de certificados falsificados. La mayoría de estas iniciativas intentan solucionar los problemas existentes mantenimiento el modelo PKI y agregando la técnica de 'certificate pinning', que asocia certificados concretos a servidores. Estas técnicas tienen limitaciones significativas, como la necesidad de un proceso de arranque seguro, o el establecimiento de la asociación para cada host de forma individual y uno por uno. Este trabajo proporciona una evolución desde el esquema de 'pinning' realizado en el host a un esquema de 'pinning' en la red, mediante la habilitación de mecanismos para la validación de certificados cuando atraviesan una red determinada. Los certificados se clasificarán como confiables o no como resultado del cruce de información obtenida de distintas fuentes. Esto resultaría en la detección temprana de certificados sospechosos y lanzaría mecanismos para rechazar el ataque, minimizar su impacto y recopilar información sobre los atacantes. Junto con lo anterior, se podría realizar un análisis más detallado y pormenorizado.TLS is an essential building block for virtual private networks. A critical aspect for the security of TLS dialogs is authentication and key exchange, usually performed by m...

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