Nyasha Chishakwe 4.1 The southern Africa context 4.1.1 Status of biodiversity in southern Africa 4.1.1.1 Socio-economic status of southern Africa 4.1.1.2 Significance of ABS to biodiversity conservation 4.1.2 ABS in southern Africa 4.2 Implementing and applying ABS 4.2.1 The most pressing law and practice issues 4.2.1.1 Coverage: What are genetic resources? 4.2.1.2 Basic issues of property and contract law 4.2.1.3 Law that must underlie any contract 4.2.1.4 Other contract issues: Prior Informed Consent (PIC) and Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) 4.2.1.5 Enhancing bargaining power and understanding in ABS agreements and negotiations 4.2.1.6 Valuation 4.2.1.7 Genetic resources found in many countries or communities -genetic resources as property and intellectual property 4.3 Major pressing issues in the SADC sub-region 4.3.1 Problems with current ABS systems 4.3.1.1 Mutually agreed terms 4.3.1.2 Prior informed consent 4.3.1.3 Equitable benefit sharing 4.3.1.4 Intellectual property rights of local communities 4.3.2 Implementation problems in an ITPGRFA-based ABS system 4.3.2.1 Capacity 4.3.2.2 Developmental concerns versus ABS 4.3.2.3 Intellectual property rights 4.4 Next steps 4.4.1 International regime development 4.4.2 Sub-regional regime development 4.4.3 Non-governmental activities and support 4.5 Recommendations5 Biodiversity Access and Benefit Sharing in Arid Countries and those with Low Diversity and High Endemism Rachel Wynberg 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characteristics of low diversity and/or arid countries and those with high endemism 5.3 Commercial activities in arid/low diversity countries vii 5.4 Policy responses to ABS in low diversity and/or arid countries and those with high endemism 5.5 Key ABS issues and needs 5.5.1 Governance in remote areas 5.5.2 Land tenure and ownership 5.5.3Overlapping responsibilities and coordination 5.5.4Shared resources and regional approaches 5.5.5Adding value, research and development 5.5.6Integrating ABS into development priorities 5.6 Conclusions and recommendations 6Two Case Studies in Africa 6.1 Case study 1: ABS in Burkina Faso Amidou Garané 6.1.1 Overview of the biological, social and institutional characteristics of Burkina Faso 6.1.2 The relevance of access and benefit sharing to Burkina Faso 6.1.2.1 Extent of bioprospecting 6.1.2.2 Hurdles encountered in implementing ABS 6.1.2.3 ABS needs of Burkina Faso 6.1.3 Conclusions and recommendations 6.2 Case study 2: ABS in Lebanon Walid Nasser and Lina Haidar 6.2.1 Biological, social and institutional characteristics of Lebanon 6.
The purpose of these short comments is to shed some light on Polish new regulations concerning permits to search shipwrecks. Comments first provide brief description of the regulations and their enabling act, and second argue that the regulations lack the precision in determining their scope of application. As a result, this lack of precision leads to the inconsistency of the new regulations with the international law of the sea. Regulations provide jurisdiction to issue permits to search shipwreck, over all persons in Polish Maritime Areas, including exclusive economic zone, which is contrary to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, ratified by Poland. In that case, and in accordance with Polish law, international obligations prevail over national rule, and in consequence, the maritime administration cannot issue permits for search of shipwreck for aliens within Polish EEZ.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.