This paper contains results of compaction studies which have been conducted by the California Department of Water Resources on the very rocky soil selected for the impervious core of the Oroville Dam in California. The material studied was a clayey sand to clayey gravel containing a percentage of plus No. 4 U. S. Standard sieve size varying up to 65 per cent by dry weight of total sample. Considerable attention was paid to effect on compaction characteristics of varying maximum particle size, mold diameter, and hammer size and weight. Comparisons were made between the moisture-density relationship as determined by test and as computed using a theoretical rock correction factor. Families of curves were developed which showed the influence of moisture content of the minus No. 4 fraction on total sample dry density. The test results support findings by others that total sample maximum densities deviate from theoretically computed values based on the soil fraction at relatively low rock contents. For tests on the minus 1 ½-in. fraction, however, a very small correction factor is needed. The plasticity of the soil fraction is shown to have a noticeable effect on the total sample maximum density.
This paper describes two laboratory permeability testing programs involving the use of contaminated fluids as permeants. The first program involved the use of an alkaline permeant, and in the second program, an acidic permeant was used. Contaminated permeants were used in order to model field conditions anticipated in mining projects. Permeability depends on the properties of both the porous media and the permeant, whereas intrinsic permeability depends only on the void space of the porous material. The chemical and physical properties of the permeants were different from those of distilled water, which is normally used as a permeant. Therefore, the permeability of soils using contaminated permeants should not be expected to be the same as for a distilled water permeant. The equipment, development, and test methodology and results are discussed in this paper.
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