The intramolecular and intermolecular geometries of six thiophenes carrying oxygen-containing substituents have been determined. Crystals of 2-methoxythiophene and 3-methoxythiophene were grown in situ on a diffractometer from liquid samples. The 2-methoxy group introduces significant distortions to the thiophene nucleus and each molecule participates in four S.O contacts leading to an infinite bilayer. The extended structure of 3-methoxythiophene comprises zigzag chains of molecules linked by S.O contacts. Molecules of 2-acetyl-3-methoxythiophene are arranged in pairs about inversion centres, with ring centroids 3.835 Å apart. 5-Cyano-3-hydroxythiophene adopts the hydroxythiophene tautomeric form which allows conjugation between the S atom and the nitrile group: O-H.N hydrogen bonding leads to chains which are cross-linked by S.O contacts to give infinite two-dimensional layers. 5-(Methylthio)thiophen-3(2H)-one exists exclusively as the thiophen-3(2H)-one form in the solid state, allowing maximum conjugative interaction of both the ring heteroatom and the substituent with the carbonyl group: each molecule is linked to two of its neighbours through pairwise C-H.O interactions, forming ribbons. Spiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-2',3'-dihydrothiophen]-3'-one crystallizes with four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit with only minor differences between these: the five- and six-membered rings in each molecule are approximately orthogonal and C-H.O hydrogen bonding generates chains. The last two structures differ from the others in that they lack a fully aromatic thiophene system.

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Thermal (non-catalytic) cyclisation of the pyrazinylhydrazones (6a-i) caused ring closure on to the carbon atom of the pyrazine nucleus to give the 3-substituted and 2.3-disubstituted 5H-pyrrolo[2,3-6]pyrazines (7a-g), (8). and ( 9), respectively. 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5H-pyrazino[2,3-6] indole (79) was dehydrogenated to the parent pyrazino[2,3-6] indole (1 5 ) . Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine (7h) has been obtained from 2-amino-3-methylpyrazine and some of its properties have been investigated.