Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard and Osborne's Look Back in Anger portray the problems of social class,social prejudice and class struggles in different societies and periods. While the former reflects the conflicts between the working class and the upper class before and after the rise of the middle class in the 19th century Russia, the latter depicts the clash between the working class and the upper middle class after WWII in England. One can identify some significant similarities and differences regarding the issue of social class in these two plays. Thus, in this study, the social struggles of characters from different classes and their conflicts with one another will be �uestioned by emphasizing the impact of changing social values and roles upon these individuals, so the aim of this article is to analyze two different settings in terms of class frictions by referring to the reasons and outcomes of these problems. THE CHERRY ORCHARD VE LOOK BACK IN ANGER ADLI ESERLERDE SOSYAL SINIF, AYRIMCILIK VE SINIF ÇATIŞMASI TARTIŞMALARI ÖzetChekhov'un The Cherry Orchard ve Osborne'un Look Back in Anger adlı eserleri farklı toplumlar ve dönemlerdeki sosyal sınıf, sosyal önyargı ve sınıfsal çatışmaları sergilemektedir. İlk eser 19. yy. Rus toplumunda orta sınıfın ortaya çıkmasından önce ve sonra işçi sınıfı ve üst sınıf arasında yaşanan çatışmaları yansıtırken, ikinci eser II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası İngiliz toplumunda işçi sınıfı ve üst orta sınıf arasındaki uyuşmazlığı gözler önüne sermektedir. Bu iki oyunda sosyal sınıf konusu açısından öne çıkan bazı benzerlik ve farklılıklar tespit edilebilir. Böylece, bu çalışmada, değişen sosyal değer ve rollerin bu bireyler üzerindeki etkisi vurgulanarak, farklı sınıflardan karakterlerin sosyal mücadeleleri ve birbirleriyle olan çelişkileri sorgulanacaktır, bu sebeple bu makalenin amacı iki farklı mekanı ve zamanı, sınıfsal anlaşmazlıklar açısından, bu sorunların sebep ve sonuçlarına değinerek incelemektir.
Before the rise of feminism, women were oppressed in the field of literature, particularly in science fiction. Despite this prejudice, Margaret Cavendish played a very important role in producing proto-science fiction with her utopian fiction, A Description of a New World Called the Blazing World, though gender problem can still be observed in the work. After the rise of feminism, with Mary Robinette Kowal’s science fiction, The Calculating Stars: A Lady Astronaut Novel, female characters, who are more active in science and technology, are depicted, even if these women still struggle with patriarchal values in a different context. Therefore, the aim of this article is to compare and contrast The Blazing World and The Calculating Stars by discussing the ways these two female writers try to achieve destroying the gender-based stereotypical roles in the field of science and technology. Consequently, what will be stressed is the change in the portrayal of gender roles within the transition period from proto-science fiction to science fiction, therefore it will be emphasized that proto-science fiction written before the feminist movement cannot overcome gender inequality in science and technology, whereas science fiction produced after feminism can break the gender-based barriers in these fields.
<p>In the nineteenth-century English society, during the Victorian period, most of the women experienced metaphorical confinement due to the dominance of power relations though they were not in the real structures of imprisonment. Victorian women were excessively disciplined and controlled by men who were very dominant and influential in that society. These women were captivated not by the iron bars of prisons, but by the walls of Victorian houses in which they were physically and psychologically subjected to the pressure of a male-dominated society. Charles Dickens, in his novel <em>Hard Times</em>, also sheds light on the miserable condition of Victorian women due to abuse of power. While analyzing the dominance of power in society and its impact on individuals, it would be worth dwelling on French philosopher, Michel Foucault’s concept of power and imprisonment. The aim of this article is to stress the influence of power upon Victorian women in Dickens’s <em>Hard Times</em> by emphasizing Foucault’s interpretation of power and incarceration.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0934/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Considering the rise of detective fiction in the twentieth century, it is clear that Agatha Christie plays a very important role in the development of detective novels. As a female author, she achieves producing distinctive works and creating remarkable sleuths. Although her works reflect the conventional characteristics of detective narrative, what makes her fiction distinguished is the female sleuth Miss Marple, who is an unconventional character in terms of her position in Christie's writings. Particularly, in her The Body in the Library, the character, Miss Marple, comes to the fore as an amateur investigator, who surpasses the power of patriarchal society. Her appearance among the male sleuths changes the route of the investigation when she accomplishes attaining the truth about the murder and revealing the mystery of crimes. In this sense, in a male-dominated setting, Miss Marple establishes order and morality in society and proves that women are as intelligent, reasonable and challenging as men. In this paper, Christie's contribution to detective fiction by means of her character, Miss Marple in The Body in the Library, will be highlighted. Moreover, the stratagems Miss Marple employs to solve the uncertainties about the criminal case will be explored so as to emphasize the conflict between women and men not only in society but also in the field of criminal investigations, therefore together with her talents in the field of criminal cases, her struggles with the patriarchal values will also be discussed in this study. Thus, in this paper, Miss Marple's efforts to enlighten the murder, her overcoming the prejudice against women and her prevailing over male-domination will be analyzed.
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