ABSTRACT:Carbonation, as a reaction of the curing process of both, cement and lime binders, modifies the microstructure. Several microstructure properties, namely, porosity, pore size distribution, surface fractal dimension and specific surface area have been investigated in this study to describe the effect of carbonation on microstructure. Both carbonated and non-carbonated pastes of lime and blended pastes of lime and cement having varying W/B (water/binder) ratios are studied. Results show that carbonation decreases the porosity, but not with the same intensity in all pore size ranges. The highest modification is between 0.03 and 0.01 µm in lime pastes and between 0.2 and 0.02 µm in 50% lime pastes, while in 80% lime pastes the modification is very small. It is also observed that carbonation is a function of the binder composition but not of the W/B ratio. Moreover, surface fractal dimension decreases during the carbonation process, while the specific surface area varies depending of the binder composition.
Historic Structures are commonly coated with mortar layers (plasters, renders, flooring) for protection and decoration. These well finished architectural stratigraphic surfaces often suffer from deterioration, such as lack of adhesion or detachment between support and mortar layers and even between mortar layers. Grouting and filling voids between delaminated layers can be an effective intervention if the layers are compact. This paper deals with aspects pertinent to the selection, design and implementation of a grout for the in situ stabilization and preservation of historic architectural surfaces. It presents the methodological approach, in accordance with the conservation principles, including sections on diagnosis, study and assessment of the deterioration phenomena, definition of grout requirements, selection of proper ingredients for custom-made or commercial grouts, as well as making and testing trial mixes, field testing and Assessment of the effectiveness of grouting. The aim of this paper, that is elaborated in the frame of RILEM TC 243 SGM, is to serve as a guide for users of lime-based grouts for the reattachment and reinstatement of historical architectural surfaces.
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