Introduction Acute pancreatitis is auto-cell destruction that is manifested by increased leakage of amylase and lipase into circulation. During pancreatitis, the activity of serum amylase and lipase is elevated three times above the upper limit of the normal range. This elevation was observed in both prediabetic and diabetic patients. Severe acute pancreatitis can result in acute kidney injury and other multi-organ dysfunction, which is one of the reasons for death. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the elevation of serum amylase and lipase and their distribution at different stages of renal insufficiency among diabetic patients. Methods This study included 286 diabetic patients (36 type 1 and 250 type 2), and data were collected from May 1 to June 30, 2019. The study design used was an institution-based cross-sectional study. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data, and serum creatinine, amylase, and lipase levels were measured using a chemistry analyzer. For data entry and statistical analysis, respectively, Epidata software version 3.02 and SPSS version 21 were used. Results The mean serum amylase among diabetic patients suffering from G3b and G4 was 106.79 IU/L ± 118.18 IU/L and 104.85 ± 90.42 IU/L, respectively. Their mean serum lipase activity was 105.07 IU/L ± 127.54 IU/L and 106.98 IU/L ± 88.35 IU/L, respectively. Serum lipase activity was elevated above the normal range and three times above the upper limit of the normal range with a magnitude of 11.2% and 4.2%, respectively. Similarly, 9.1% and 0.7% of diabetic patients had increased serum amylase above the normal range and three-fold above the normal range, respectively. Conclusion As glomerular filtration decreases, particularly in moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease, serum amylase and lipase activity rise above the upper limit.

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most common forms of violence against women and includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. The most common IPV victims are women whose partners were financially insecure, uneducated, or substance users. Substance use has been related to an increase in the frequency and severity of IPV. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence, its spatial distribution, and its association with substance use among women who had ever-married in Ethiopia using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. Methods Data from the 2016 EDHS was used and a total of 4962 ever-married women were involved in the analysis. The spatial autocorrelation statistic (Global Moran's I) was used to determine whether IPV and substance use were dispersed, clustered, or randomly distributed. The statistical software Sat Scan version 10.1 was used to identify the clusters with high IPV rates. A multi-level logistic regression model was used to examine the association of IPV with substance use, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 and 95% CI. Results Of all ever-married women, 33.2% (95% CI: 31.9, 34.6%) were currently experiencing at least one of the three types of IPV (physical, sexual, and emotional). The highest hotspot areas of IPV were observed in the Gambella and Oromia regions. The ever-married women whose husbands drink alcohol (AOR = 3.34; 95% CI: 2.70, 4.15), chew chat (AOR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.08), and smoke cigarettes (AOR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.79) were significantly associated with IPV. Conclusion One in every three ever-married women in this study experienced IPV. Following adjustment for potential confounders, at least one of the three substance uses (alcohol, chat and cigarette) was identified as a significant predictor of IPV. A concerted effort is required to reduce both substance abuse and IPV.

Background Noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Hypertension and dyslipidemia appear to be the two most important modifiable risk factors contributing to the global rise in cardiovascular disease. Several plant preparations are currently being touted as having benefits for such cardiovascular risk factors. African moringa, Moringa stenopetala, is one of these plants used in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the serum lipid profiles and blood pressure measurements of Moringa stenopetala herbal tea drinkers and non-drinker hypertensive patients attending chronic care follow-up at Bale zone hospitals. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study, involving 128 blood samples (64 each of Moringa stenopetala herbal tea drinkers and nondrinkers), was conducted on hypertensive patients who were on chronic care follow-up from July 1 to August 30, 2021. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data, and serum LDL-c, HDL-c, TG, and TC levels were measured using a clinical chemistry analyzer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, Chi-square (X2) was used to compare the relationship between categorical variables, and an independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the mean of the groups. Generalized linear regression was used to study the association between continuous variables and Moringa stenopetala herbal tea consumption groups. The statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results Moringa stenopetala herbal tea drinkers have showed statistically significant lower values than non-drinkers for LDL-c (p < 0.001), TG (p = 0.001), TC (p < 0.001), TC/HDL-c ratio (p < 0.001), and LDL-c/ HDL-c ratio (p < 0.001). The mean SBP, DBP, and MAP were significantly lower among the Moringa stenopetala tea drinkers group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusions Interestingly, Moringa stenopetala herbal tea consumption has a significant health benefit by lowering blood pressure, LDL-c, TG, TC, and the ratios TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c, which have the potential risk of developing CVDs.