:Starch is the most important carbohydrate in the human and animal diets and it also has numerous industrial applications. Starch is widely used as a key material for processed foods such as bread, pancakes, cereals, noodles, pasta, porridge and tortilla. Increasing the starch content in food crops is one of the important targets for crop breeding. We used a starch-iodine test to identify varieties with high starch content in 2354 soybean germplasm collection and found a total of 126 germplasm that showed a strongly positive reaction. We quantified starch content from highly stained 7 soybean accessions by standard method (glucose-oxidase). As results, starch contents of 7 soybean germplasm were 2.81∼4.55%, whereas the weakly stained controls showed low starch content with less than 1%. We also measured the contents of protein, fatty acid, water potential and free sugar in 7 soybean germplasm with high starch content. High starch germplasm showed lower protein content, while low starch germplasm showed higher protein content. Our results suggest that the increasing of starch content could affect protein level in soybean seed.
Soybean sprouts are available throughout the year and have gained popularity as a functional food owing to their high nutritional value. In the present study, soybean seeds were germinated at different temperatures and the effects on growth characteristics, nutrient composition, and secondary metabolites were investigated. Sprout qualities such as whole length and hypocotyl length were observed to increase at a higher temperature of germination (25 vs. 20°C). The total protein content of the sprouts increased, whereas the total fatty acid content decreased upon germination at 25°C. The total phenolic content was higher in soybean sprouts than in soybean seeds. Additionally, antioxidant activity increased in a temperature-dependent manner. Both DPPH and ABTS activity were higher at 25°C than at 20°C. Proteomic analysis was conducted to generate temperature responsive protein profiles of soybean sprouts. Using 2D gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 33 differentially expressed spots were identified. Further analysis of these spots revealed potential function in protein storage and modification. Upon germination at 25°C, 16 spots increased significantly, whereas 17 protein spots were observed to decrease. Interestingly, a trypsin inhibitor was highly expressed at 25°C. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression level of most of genes encoding the identified proteins correlated well with their protein abundance, suggesting their temperature-dependent transcriptional regulation in soybean sprouts. In summary, our results clearly indicate an effect of temperature on growth of and secondary metabolite production in soybean sprouts.
Soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr] is one of the most important legumes in the world. However, soybean varieties are sensitive to flooding stress and their seed yields are substantially reduced in response to the flooding stress. 192 soybean germplasm collection was screened to identify flooding tolerant germplasm at an early vegetative growth stage (V1). Soybean plants at V1 stage were waterlogged for 4 to 10 days. To evaluate flooding tolerance, survival rate were investigated as a time dependent manner. Jangbaegkong, Danbaegkong, Sowonkongkong, Socheong2 and Suwon269 showed flooding tolerance, while Shillog, T201, T181, NTS1116 and HP-963 showed flooding sensitivity. We also investigated effects of flooding stress on soybean morphology. The adventitious root development was greatly increased in flooding tolerant plants compared to it in flooding sensitive plants. In addition, root length and root number were analyzed. The significant reduction of root length and root number was observed in flooding sensitive plants. Thus, these results indicate that the morphological changes in roots are important for acclimation to flooding stress. Taken together, the relationship between the morphological changes in the roots and flooding tolerance may be useful in selecting a flooding tolerant soybean germplasm.
Seed coat cracking (SCC), particularly the Type-I irregular cracking, is critical in determining the quality of appearance and commercial value of soybean seeds. The objective of this study was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SCC with high-density genetic map. One hundred sixty-seven recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between Uram (SCC-resistant) and Chamol (SCC-susceptible) were evaluated for SCC over 2 years (2016–2017). The QTL analysis identified 12 QTLs located on chromosomes 2 (D1b), 6 (C2), 8 (A2), 9 (K), 10 (O), 12 (H), 19 (L), and 20 (I). Out of the 12 QTLs, qSC2-1, qSC9, SC10-1, qSC10-2, and qSC12 were novel QTLs and the other seven QTLs (qSC2-2, qSC2-3, qSC6, qSC8, qSC19-1, qSC19-2, and qSC20) were found to co-localize with the previously identified QTLs. The mean SCC of the RILs of early maturity group was significantly higher than that of the late maturity group, suggesting an association between SCC and maturity loci. In addition, although 10 QTLs were distantly located from the maturity loci (E1, E3, E4, E7, and E10), qSC10-1 and qSC10-2 co-localized with the maturity loci E2. The results obtained in this study provide useful genetic information on SCC which could be used in the SCC breeding programs.
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