Magnetic- and sunlight-driven energy conversion and storage can be realized by using Fe3O4–GNS/PCM under an alternating magnetic field or solar illumination.
Biological
skin systems can perceive various external stimuli through
ion transduction. Especially, the skin of some advanced organisms
such as cephalopods can further promptly change body color by manipulating
photonic nanostructures. However, the current skin-inspired soft iontronics
lack the rapid full-color switching ability to respond to multiple
stimuli including tension, pressure, and temperature. Here, an intelligent
chromotropic iontronics with these fascinating functions is developed
by constructing a biomimetic ultrastructure with anisotropic electrostatic
repulsion. This skin-like chromotropic iontronics can synchronously
realize electrical response and optical visualization to mechanical
strain and tactile sensation by adjusting the ultrastructure in cooperation
with ionic mechanotransduction. Notably, it can perform instantaneous
geometric changes to thermal stimuli via an anisotropic
electrostatic repulsion interior. Such a capability allows bionic
skin to transduce temperature or infrared light into ionic signals
and color changes in real time. The design of anisotropic photonic
nanostructures expands the intelligent application for soft iontronics
at higher levels, providing a concise, multifunctional, interactive
sensing platform that dynamically displays stimuli information on
its body.
The unique brilliant
and angle-independent structural colors of morpho butterfly wings
were derived from the multilayer interference, diffraction, and scattering
of light with a composite structure including ordered and quasiamorphous
arrays. Inspired by the biological heterostructure of ordered and
quasiamorphous arrays in the wings, a bilayer inverse heterostructure
(BLIHS) containing ordered array layers inverse structure (OALIS)
and quasiamorphous array layers inverse structure (Q-AALIS) of polyvinylidene
fluoride were successfully prepared through the template method. The
BLIHS films selectively displayed iridescent structural color derived
from Bragg diffraction of OALIS, whereas the color states transform
to noniridescent color because of Q-AALIS just by rotating the sample.
Furthermore, the patterning process could be realized by using the
spray-coating method on the BILIS films as quasiamorphous array layers.
By virtue of this novel photonic structure, the switch between hiding
and displaying patterns could be easily realized by changing the viewing
angles, and the as-prepared films exhibited inherent excellent durability,
which is crucial to their potential for practical applications as
anticounterfeiting materials.
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