Hydraulic machinery with high performance is of great significance for energy saving. Its design is a very challenging job for designers, and the inverse design method is a competitive way to do the job. The three-dimensional inverse design method and its applications to hydraulic machinery are herein reviewed. The flow is calculated based on potential flow theory, and the blade shape is calculated based on flow-tangency condition according to the calculated flow velocity. We also explain flow control theory by suppression of secondary flow and cavitation based on careful tailoring of the blade loading distribution and stacking condition in the inverse design of hydraulic machinery. Suggestions about the main challenge and future prospective of the inverse design method are given.
A partially averaged Navier–Stokes method with a new expression of fk based on the rotation-corrected energy spectrum is proposed. It is coupled with the shear-stress transport turbulence model to simulate two typical rotating flows: rotating channel flow and flow in a centrifugal pump impeller. The results of two traditional energy spectrum-based fk expressions (ES1 and ES2) and DNS/experimental results are used for comparison. The results show that the fk distribution predicted based on the rotation-corrected energy spectrum is more reasonable. In the region with enhanced turbulence, more turbulence scales exist, such as the pressure side in the rotating channel flow, where the fk value is low and more turbulence scales are resolved. While in the region with suppressed turbulence, fewer turbulence scales exist, such as the suction side, where the fk value is relatively high. The model with a new fk expression can produce better results since it can give a more reasonable fk distribution. At the same time, the new model is more efficient since it shows better calculation performance with the same mesh scale and low cost with comparable calculation performance.
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