This paper introduces a new signal-filtering, which combines the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and a similarity measure. A noisy signal is adaptively broken down into oscillatory components called intrinsic mode functions by EMD followed by an estimation of the probability density function (pdf) of each extracted mode. The key idea of this paper is to make use of partial reconstruction, the relevant modes being selected on the basis of a striking similarity between the pdf of the input signal and that of each mode. Different similarity measures are investigated and compared. The obtained results, on simulated and real signals, show the effectiveness of the pdf-based filtering strategy for removing both white Gaussian and colored noises and demonstrate its superior performance over partial reconstruction approaches reported in the literature.
This work presents a full scale experimental study on the aero-elastic wind/sails/rig interaction in real navigation conditions with the aim to give an experimental validation of unsteady Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) models applied to yacht sails. An inboard instrumentation system has been developed on a J80 yacht to simultaneously and dynamically measure the navigation parameters, yacht's motion, and sails flying shape and loads in the standing and running rigging. The first results recorded while sailing upwind in head waves are shown. Variations of the measured parameters are characterized and related to the yacht motion (trim mainly). Correlations between the different parameters are examined. In the system's response to the dynamic forcing (pitching motion) we attempt to distinguish between the aerodynamic effect of varying apparent wind induced by the motion and the structural effect of varying stresses and strains due to the motion and inertia. The dynamic full scale measurements presented underline the necessity of considering the unsteadiness of phenomena to correctly simulate a yacht's behavior in actual sailing conditions. The simulation results from the FSI model compare very well with the experimental data for steady sailing conditions. For the unsteady conditions obtained in head waves, the first results show a good agreement between measurements and simulation.
A propulsion system based on tandem hydrofoils is studied experimentally and numerically. An experimental measurement system is developed to extract hydrodynamic loads on the foils and capture their twisting deformation during operation. The measured data allowed us to assess the efficiency of the propulsion system as a function of travel speed and stroke frequency. The numerical simulation of the propulsion system is also presented and involves 3D, full-scale fluid-structure interaction (FSI) computation of a single (forward) foil. The foil is modeled as a combination of the isogeometric rotation-free Kirchhoff-Love shell and bending-stabilized cable, while the hydrodynamics makes use of the finite-element-based arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian variational multiscale formulation. The large added mass is handled through a quasi-direct FSI coupling technique. The measurement data collected is used in the validation of the FSI simulation, and excellent agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured hydrodynamic loads and foil twisting motion.
A numerical investigation of the dynamic Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) of a yacht sail plan submitted to harmonic pitching is presented to address both issues of aerodynamic unsteadiness and structural deformation.The FSI model -Vortex Lattice Method fluid model and Finite Element structure model -has been validated with full-scale measurements. It is shown that the dynamic behaviour of a sail plan subject to yacht motion clearly deviates from the quasi-steady theory. The aerodynamic forces presented as a function of the instantaneous apparent wind angle show hysteresis loops, suggesting that some energy is exchanged by the system. The area included in the hysteresis loop increases with the motion reduced frequency and amplitude. Comparison of rigid versus soft structures shows that FSI increases the energy exchanged by the system and that the oscillations of aerodynamic forces are underestimated when the structure deformation is not considered. Dynamic loads in the fore and aft rigging wires are dominated by structural and inertial effects. This FSI model and the obtained
Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis of the Mirage Drive, a bioinspired propulsion system utilizing compliant hydrofoils designed and built by Hobie Cat Co, is performed. The current work continues a recent experimental and numerical FSI study of a single compliant hydrofoil, and presents, for the first time, full-scale FSI simulation of two compliant hydrofoils in a tandem configuration. The underlying computational challenges are addressed by means of core FSI methods (i.e., the ALE-VMS formulation, weakly enforced no-slip boundary conditions, the sliding-interface technique, and a quasi-direct coupling strategy), as well as special FSI techniques developed for this problem class. Details of the computational framework are discussed, and the computational results are validated using data from field tests, which are also described in the manuscript.
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