Abstract. Ontologies are viewed as increasingly important tools for structuring domains of interests. In this paper we propose a reference ontology of business models using concepts from three established business model ontologies; the REA, BMO, and e3-value. The basic concepts in the reference ontology concern actors, resources, and the transfer of resources between actors. Most of the concepts in the reference ontology are taken from one of the original ontologies, but we have also introduced a number of additional concepts, primarily related to resource transfers between business actors. The purpose of the proposed ontology is to increase the understanding of the original ontologies as well as the relationships between them, and also to seek opportunities to complement and improve on them.
The increasing interest in process engineering and application integration has resulted in the appearance of various new process modelling languages. Understanding and comparing such languages has therefore become a major problem in information systems research and development. We suggest a framework to solve this problem involving several instruments: a general process metamodel with a table, an analysis of the event concept, and a classification of concepts according to the interrogative pronouns: what, how, why, who, when, and where. This framework can be used for several purposes, such as translating between languages or verifying that relevant organisational aspects have been captured. To validate the framework, three different process modelling languages have been compared: Business Modelling Language (BML), Event-driven Process Chains (EPC) and UML State Diagrams.
There is a natural and logical relationship between the high level objectives of a business and the requirements of an infonwlon system supporting the business and its activities. We outline a fiamework for informatlon systems requirements capture and specification, where the determination and explicit specification of business ObJectives play a vital role. The framework is described by a number of "meta-models", which guide the specification, structuring, and analysis of goals, problems, concepts, activities, processes, actors, and other descriptive components. The paper also describes how "business rules" have been incorporated in this approach. The nature of business rules is discussed, as well as sources from where the business rules are derived. The obJectives driven approach has been successfully used in a number of real-life proJects in information systems requirements engineering. I. INTRODUCITONThe importance of establishing explicit links between the development of business objectives and strategies and information system development, is recognised 16, 14, 15, 193.The growing importance of information systems for running the business, the high cost of developing new systems, and the lifetime of an information system of, normally, more than 10 years, indicates the need of both better undersranding the business, and deriving information system requirements from this understanding. A good information system can be a competitive asset of the business. while a system not conforming to the business needs can severely hinder the running of the business. This is why we now can observe the beginning of a paradigm shift from the more technology oriented Information Engineering and Object Oriented approaches to frameworks which focus on hodelling of "business rules" [12, 15,20,22].A large number of commercial system development methods and CASE tools exist today. However, these products address mainly the middle andor later stages of the systems development lifecycle. Practically none of them address, in a structured way, the early, business objectives analysis and requirements generating stages, and the problem of moving from the informal to the formal domain.Existing methods are not adequate for explicit capturing, and representing in a structured way, "business and organisational knowledge" to be subsequently used to drive the information system development phases. Links between business and enterprise models and information system specifications are not maintained, This makes it impossible to reason about changes required in the information system, as a consequence of changes of the enterprise.In this paper we present an approach to information system requirements acquisition, which is driven by the explicit representation and analysis of business objectives, concepts, activities, and rules. A distinguished feature of this approach is the method for developing, acquiring, and communicating early, enterprise knowledge and user requirements by a structured, iterative, working and modelling approach. The process ...
Recent years have witnessed a growing realization that the development of large data-intensive, transaction-oriented information systems is becoming increasingly more difficult as user requirements become broader and more sophisticated. Contemporary approaches have been criticized for producing systems which are difficult to maintain and which provide little assistance in organizational developments. This paper introduces the TEMPORA paradigm, which is currently under development and which advocates a closer alignment between organizational p o k y and infomation system functionality. This viewpoint impacts on a number of critical issues related to the development process of information systems must notably in the nature of conceptual models, the discipline adopted for the development, the type of support provided by CASE tools and the run-time environment. The paper introduces the philosophy and architecture of the TEMPORA paradigm and describes the conceptual models, tools and run-time environment which render such an appmach a feasible undertaking.
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