Medtronic. Dr. Nead has received personal fees from Medtronic. Dr. Bowling has received personal fees from Medtronic. Dr. Murgu has received personal fees from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Pinnacle Biologics, Olympus, Cook, Auris Robotics, and Elsevier; and has stock ownership in Concordia, Boston Scientific, and Merck. Dr. Krimsky has received personal fees from Medtronic, Innovital Systems, Gala Therapeutic, SOC, and Peytant; has stock ownership with Innovital Systems and CSA Medical; and has patents pending with Medtronic and Merit. Dr. Murillo has received support from Medtronic. Dr. LeMense has received personal fees from Medtronic. Dr. Minnich has received personal fees from Medtronic. Dr. Bansal has received personal fees from Medtronic, Pinnacle Biologics, Sunovion, and Veran Medical. Dr. Ellis has received support from Medtronic. Dr. Mahajan has received personal fees from Medtronic. Dr. Gildea has received personal fees from Medtronic. Dr. Bechara has received support from Medtronic. Dr. Sztejman has received support from Medtronic. Dr. Flandes has received grants from BTG-PneumRx and Ambu; and personal fees from Medtronic, BTG-PneumRx, Olympus, Ambu, PulmonX, and Boston Scientific. Dr. Rickman has received personal fees from Medtronic, Veran Medical, BD, Olympus, and Abbvie. Dr. Benzaquen has received support from Medtronic. Dr. Hogarth has received personal fees from Medtronic, Auris Surgical Robotics, Boston Scientific, Grifols, Shire, and CSL; and has stock ownership with Auris Surgical Robotics. Dr. Linden has received support from Medtronic. Dr. Wahidi has received personal fees from Medtronic and Veran Medical. Dr. Mattingley has received personal fees from Medtronic and is current employee of Medtronic (employment began after completion of enrollment). Dr. Hood is an employee with stock ownership at Medtronic; and has stock ownership with Boston Scientific. Ms. Lin and Ms. Wolvers are employees with stock ownership at Medtronic. Dr. Khandar has received personal fees from Medtronic.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and worldwide. Early detection of lung cancer is an important opportunity for decreasing mortality. Data support using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest to screen select patients who are at high risk for lung cancer. Lung screening is covered under the Affordable Care Act for individuals with high-risk factors. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) covers annual screening LDCT for appropriate Medicare beneficiaries at high risk for lung cancer if they also receive counseling and participate in shared decision-making before screening. The complete version of the NCCN Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening provides recommendations for initial and subsequent LDCT screening and provides more detail about LDCT screening. This manuscript focuses on identifying patients at high risk for lung cancer who are candidates for LDCT of the chest and on evaluating initial screening findings.

The value of steroids in the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss remains unclear since the evidence obtained from randomised controlled trials are contradictory in outcome, in part because the studies are based upon too small a number of patients.

RT-CRT can be used to predict early postoperative hearing loss and to potentially refine surgical technique. In the future, feedback of RT-CRT may prove to be a valuable tool for maximizing preservation of residual hearing or providing feedback on electrode contact with the basilar membrane.

The value of steroids in the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss remains unclear since the evidence obtained from randomised controlled trials is contradictory in outcome, in part because the studies are based upon too small a number of patients.

Hypothesis Acoustically evoked neural and hair cell potentials can be measured from the round window (RW) intraoperatively in the general population of cochlear implant recipients. Background Cochlear implant performance varies greatly among patients. Improved methods to assess and monitor functional hair cell and neural substrate prior to and during implantation could potentially aid in enhanced non-traumatic intracochlear electrode placement and subsequent improved outcomes. Methods Subjects (1–80 years) undergoing cochlear implantation were included. A monopolar probe was placed at the RW after surgical access was obtained. The cochlear microphonic (CM), summating potential (SP), compound action potential (CAP), and auditory nerve neurophonic (ANN) were recorded in response to tone bursts at frequencies of 0.25 – 4 kHz at various levels. Results Measurable hair cell/neural potentials were detected to one or more frequencies in 23 of 25 subjects. The greatest proportion and magnitude of cochlear responses were to low frequencies (<1000 Hz). At these low frequencies the ANN, when present, contributed to the ongoing response at the stimulus frequency. In many subjects the ANN was small or absent while hair cell responses remained. Conclusions In cochlear implant recipients, acoustically evoked cochlear potentials are detectable even if hearing is extremely limited. Sensitive measures of cochlear and neural status can characterize the state of hair cell and neural function prior to implantation. Whether this information correlates with speech performance outcomes, or can help in tailoring electrode type, placement or audiometric fitting, can be determined in future studies.

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