This was attributed to the aqueous state of water saturated H2S, which increases the rate of ion dissociation. The high rate of ion dissociation increases the rate of ion penetration into the steel (diffusion rate) and thus the corrosion rate.Keywords: Hydrogen sulphide, Corrosion rate, Stainless steel. Nickel, Water, Environment. Contribution/ OriginalityThe paper primary contribution is the findings that corrosion rate is higher in water saturated hydrogen sulphide as a result of its aqueous state which increases the rate of ion dissociation. Also, stainless steels are more resistance to corrosion than carbon steels.
This study presented the analyses of the design and construction of a motorized 40-ton constant temperature hydraulic press, for constant temperature compression purposes of fibre matrices. Standard design considerations and calculations were done to ensure the selection of effective and efficient components for the development of the machine. The construction of the machine involved standard manufacturing processes which involved marking out, cutting, drilling, machining and welding processes. The design was motorized for the purpose of increasing mechanical advantage as against hand-powered press. Design analyses were carried out to facilitate accurate dimensioning of the various parts of the hydraulic press. For adequate spring selection, the spring analysis of the system was also done. On testing of the finished device, no sign of leakages and system failure were observed. The effect of press time, temperature and pressure on the density of test samples, during a manufacturing process using the developed machine showed good working condition on both the compression and heating processes of the machine.
In the present study, a dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle (DORC) driven by geothermal hot water for electricity production is developed, investigated and optimized from the energy, exergy and exergoeconomic viewpoint. A parametric study is conducted to determine the effect of high-stage pressure HP P and low-stage pressure LP P variation on the system thermodynamic and exergoeconomic performance. The DORC is further optimized to obtain maximum exergy efficiency optimized design (EEOD case) and minimum product cost optimized design (PCOD case). The exergy efficiency and unit cost of power produced for the optimization of EEOD case and PCOD case are 33.03% and 3.059 cent/kWh, which are 0.3% and 17.4% improvement over base case, respectively. The PCOD case proved to be the best, with respect to minimum unit cost of power produced and net power output over the base case and EEOD case.
Two-electrode (2E) configuration was successfully utilised in the electrochemical deposition of cadmium telluride (CdTe) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate with the main emphasis on the electrolytic bath pH. The electrochemical deposition pH explored is within the range of (1.00 to 6.00)±0.02 for the aqueous electrolyte comprising of tellurium oxide (TeO2) and cadmium nitrate (Cd(NO3)2) which are the respective precursors of Te and Cd. The optical, structural, morphological, compositional, and electrical properties of the electroplated CdTe thin-films were respectively explored using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell measurements. The optical characterisation show that the CdTe samples exhibit dissimilar absorbance depending on the growth pH for both the as-deposited layers and post-growth treated CdTe layers. A decrease in the absorption edge slope and dip in the bandgap was observed away from pH2. The bandgap of the post-growth treated CdTe layers showed enhancement as it leans towards 1.45 eV, with the trend retention of absorption edge slope, similar to the as-deposited CdTe layers. The electrodeposited CdTe thin-films show a dominant orientation along the cubic (111) CdTe plane, while both the the calculated crystallite size and the XRD peak intensity Pi decreases with the electroplating pH outside the (2.00 to 3.00)±0.02 range. The EDX analyses depicts an alteration in the ratio of Cd to Te atomic percentage relative to the pH of the electrolyte. Comparatively high Te atomic ratio was observed at lower pH values and vice versa with increase alkalinity of the electrolyte. The obtained morphology depicts that the underlying FTO layers are well covered with a gradual reduction in the grain size of the CdTe observable away from pH value (2.00 and 3.00). The photoelectrochemical cell study depicts that the conduction type of the CdTe layers can also be attributed to the CdTe-electrolytic bath pH value.
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