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A total of 549 patients with persAF underwent CA using the stepwise approach at our institution in 2007 to 2009. Of these, 493 © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc. Original Article Circ Arrhythm ElectrophysiolBackground-In the meantime, catheter ablation is widely used for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). There is a paucity of data about long-term outcomes. This study evaluates (1) 5-year single and multiple procedure success and (2) prognostic factors for arrhythmia recurrences after catheter ablation of persistent AF using the stepwise approach aiming at AF termination. Methods and Results-A total of 549 patients with persistent AF underwent de novo catheter ablation using the stepwise approach (2007)(2008)(2009)

Ultra high-density mapping in patients with scar-related VT is feasible, safe and enables detailed insight into tachycardia mechanisms. Critical sites can be identified (1) by precise substrate characterization when VT is not inducible or hemodynamically not tolerated and (2) during short lasting episodes of VT in order to guide catheter ablation.