Recently proposed time-gated diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TG-DCS) has significant advantages compared to conventional continuous wave (CW)-DCS, but it is still in an early stage and clinical capability has yet to be established. The main challenge for TG-DCS is the lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when gating for the deeper traveling late photons. Longer wavelengths, such as 1064 nm have a smaller effective attenuation coefficient and a higher power threshold in humans, which significantly increases the SNR. Here, we demonstrate the clinical utility of TG-DCS at 1064 nm in a case study on a patient with severe traumatic brain injury admitted to the neuro-intensive care unit (neuroICU). We showed a significant correlation between TG-DCS early (ρ = 0.67) and late (ρ = 0.76) gated against invasive thermal diffusion flowmetry. We also analyzed TG-DCS at high temporal resolution (50 Hz) to elucidate pulsatile flow data. Overall, this study demonstrates the first clinical translation capability of the TG-DCS system at 1064 nm using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector.

We investigated the change in optical properties and vascular parameters to characterize skin tissue from mild photodamage to actinic keratosis (AK) with comparison to a published photodamage scale. Multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measurements were performed on the dorsal forearms of 55 adult subjects with various amounts of photodamage. Dermatologists rated the levels of photodamage based upon the photographs in blinded fashion to allow comparison with SFDI data. For characterization of statistical data, we used artificial neural networks. Our results indicate that optical and vascular parameters can be used to quantify photodamage and can discriminate between the stages as low, medium, and high grades, with the best performance of ∼70%, ∼76% and 80% for characterization of low-medium-and high-grade lesions, respectively. Ultimately, clinicians can use this noninvasive approach for risk assessment and frequent monitoring of high-risk populations.

There is a need for quantitative biomarkers for early diagnosis of autism.Cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism parameters may show superior

Survivors of severe brain injury may require care in a neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU), where the brain is vulnerable to secondary brain injury. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive, bedside, continuous cerebral blood flow monitoring approaches in the neuro-ICU. Our goal is to address this need through combined measurements of EEG and functional optical spectroscopy (EEG-Optical) instrumentation and analysis to provide a complementary fusion of data about brain activity and function. We utilized the diffuse correlation spectroscopy method for assessing cerebral blood flow at the neuro-ICU in a patient with traumatic brain injury. The present case demonstrates the feasibility of continuous recording of noninvasive cerebral blood flow transients that correlated well with the gold-standard invasive measurements and with the frequency content changes in the EEG data.

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There is a need for quantitative biomarkers for early diagnosis of autism. We showed previously that hemoglobin concentrations show contrast between autistic group vs control group in humans. Cerebral blood flow can provide additional sensitivity for improved characterization. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has been shown to be reliable method to obtain blood flow contrast in animals and humans. Thus, in this study we evaluated DCS in an established autism model. Our results indicate that autistic group had significantly lower blood flow compared to control group. These results confirm the previous results obtained from humans by positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Survivors of severe brain injury may require care in a neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU), where the brain is vulnerable to secondary brain injury. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive, bedside, continuous cerebral blood flow monitoring approaches in the neuro-ICU. Our goal is to address this need through combined measurements of EEG and functional optical spectroscopy (EEG-Optical) instrumentation and analysis to provide a complementary fusion of data about brain activity and function. The present case demonstrates in a patient with traumatic brain injury, noninvasive cerebral blood flow transients can be recorded that correlate with gold-standard invasive measurements and with the frequency content changes in the EEG data during clinical care.

Survivors of severe brain injury may require care in a neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU), where the brain is vulnerable to secondary brain injury. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive, bedside, continuous cerebral blood flow monitoring approaches in the neuro-ICU. Our goal is to address this need through combined measurements of EEG and functional optical spectroscopy (EEG-Optical) instrumentation and analysis to provide a complementary fusion of data about brain activity and function. We utilized diffuse correlation spectroscopy method for assessing cerebral blood flow at neuro-ICU in a patient with traumatic brain injury. The present case demonstrates the feasibility of continuous recording of noninvasive cerebral blood flow transients that correlated well with the gold-standard invasive measurements and with the frequency content changes in the EEG data.