because of both the global energy crisis and the necessary improvement of energy efficiency in buildings, one of the largest sectors of energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions, a strategy allowing managing energy resources is proposed. Its aim is reducing energy consumption and promoting the use of renewable energy, while ensuring thermal comfort, when heating "multi-energy" buildings, thanks to indoor temperature control schemes. Three schemes (based on a commonly-used PID controller and on the combination of PID and model predictive or fuzzy controllers) were tested in simulation, using dynamic models describing the thermal behavior of a building, and fully met the management strategy's requirements, especially reducing the consumption of fossil energy. Three criteria describing the way energy is used and controlled in real-time were defined with the aim of evaluating the control schemes performance and adapting the strategy to the specific use of a building. The PID-MPC provided the best results while the PID-FLC proved to be a very good compromise, thanks to both the flexibility and the adaptability offered by fuzzy logic, between the easy-todevelop but not-very-efficient PID and the efficient but hard-to-develop PID-MPC.
both indoor temperature regulation and energy resources management in buildings require the design and the implementation of efficient and readily adaptable control schemes. One can use standard schemes, such as "on/off" and PID, or "advanced" schemes, such as MPC (Model Predictive Control). Another approach would be considering artificial intelligence tools. In this sense, fuzzy logic allows controlling temperature and managing energy sources, taking advantage of the flexibility offered by linguistic reasoning. With this kind of approaches, both the specific use of a building and the specificities of a proposed energy management strategy can be easily taken into account when designing or adjusting the control scheme, without having to model the process to be controlled. PID controllers being commonly used in buildings engineering, the proposed control scheme is built on the basis of a PID controller. This allows implementing the scheme even if a control system based on such a controller is already in use. So, a hybrid PID-fuzzy scheme is proposed for managing energy resources in buildings, as the combination of two usual control structures based on PID and fuzzy controllers: the "parallel" structure (according to the current dynamical state of the considered process, either the PID or the fuzzy controller is selected) and the "fuzzy supervision" of a PID controller. To test the scheme in simulation, a building mock-up has been built, instrumented and modeled. Finally, criteria describing the way energy is used and controlled in real-time have been defined with the aim of evaluating both the proposed strategy and the control scheme performance.
These tools enabled laboratory response to the 10-fold increase in testing demands.
The present paper focuses on using fuzzy logic as a useful tool to manage energy resources in buildings and to reduce their energy impact. To that purpose, one requires the design and the implementation of efficient and readily adaptable control schemes. As everyone knows, fuzzy logic allows taking advantage of the flexibility offered by linguistic reasoning. With this kind of approaches, both the specific use of a building and the specificities of a proposed energy management strategy can be easily considered when designing or adjusting the proposed control schemes. First, a hybrid PID-fuzzy scheme is used for managing resources in multi-energy buildings, as the combination of two usual control structures based on PID and fuzzy controllers: the "parallel" structure and the "fuzzy supervision" of a PID controller. Next, fuzzy logic is used to define scenarios dealing with building occupancy and to control the ventilation system of a building, with the aim of reducing its energy impact on the grid.
RÉSUMÉLes énergies renouvelables (EnR) prennent jour après jour une place de plus en plus importante dans notre socié-té. Un des changements marquants de ces dernières années est l'introduction progressive des EnR (petit éolien, solaire thermique et photovoltaïque essentiellement) au sein des habitations individuelles. Cette utilisation nécessite de nouveaux systèmes de gestion électronique afin de prendre en compte la fluctuation dans le temps des différentes sources énergétiques. L'objectif de cet article est de présenter des travaux pratiques portant sur la gestion optimale de l'énergie dans un bâtiment. Pour cela les étudiants disposeront d'une maquette d'un bâtiment à l'échelle 1/27 dont ils devront contrôler la température de manière optimale. Ces TP seront intégrés au master Électronique, Automatique, Informatique et à la licence Sciences Physiques et Technologies de l'Ingénieur/parcours EEA de l'Université de Perpignan Via Domitia pour la rentrée 2008.
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